Digestive System Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the three functions of the digestive system?

  • Break down food (correct)
  • Filter blood
  • Eliminate waste (correct)
  • Absorb nutrients (correct)

Define digestion.

The process in which your body breaks food down into small nutrient molecules.

What are the two types of digestion?

  • Physical and Emotional
  • Chemical and Physical (correct)
  • Mechanical and Chemical (correct)
  • Nutritional and Chemical

What happens during mechanical digestion?

<p>Food is physically broken down into smaller pieces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

<p>Saliva softens food and breaks down starches into sugar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the esophagus?

<p>Connect the mouth to the stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is peristalsis?

<p>Wave-like muscle contractions that push food through the digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces bile?

<p>Liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

<p>Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that digest food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The last section of the digestive system is the _____ intestine.

<p>large</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the small intestine?

<p>Almost all chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organs with their functions:

<p>Stomach = Digests food and churns it into liquid Liver = Produces bile Pancreas = Secretes enzymes into the small intestine Large intestine = Absorbs water and prepares waste for elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

The muscular opening at the end of the rectum is called the _____

<p>anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Digestive System Functions

  • Breaks down food through mechanical and chemical processes.
  • Absorbs essential nutrients into the bloodstream.
  • Eliminates indigestible waste from the body.

Digestion Overview

  • Process of breaking food into smaller nutrient molecules.

Types of Digestion

  • Mechanical: Physical breakdown of food.
  • Chemical: Transformation of food into smaller chemical units.

Mechanical Digestion

  • Begins in the mouth with chewing and continues in the stomach through muscle contractions.

Chemical Digestion

  • Initiated in the mouth with saliva, continues in the stomach, and primarily occurs in the small intestine, aided by digestive juices.

Peristalsis

  • Wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive system, starting from the esophagus.

Nutrient Absorption

  • Nutrients are absorbed mainly in the small intestine, passing through digestive system walls into the bloodstream.

Mouth Components

  • Saliva: Aids in digestion by softening food and beginning starch breakdown.
  • Teeth:
    • Incisors cut food.
    • Canines tear food.
    • Molars crush and grind food.
  • Tongue: Assists in moving food for chewing and swallowing.

Saliva Function

  • Contains enzymes to soften food and initiate chemical digestion.

Esophagus

  • Muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, lined with mucus, facilitating peristalsis.

Epiglottis

  • Flap that seals the windpipe directing food into the esophagus.

Mucus in Digestion

  • Provides lubrication for easier swallowing and protects the stomach lining.

Stomach Function

  • J-shaped pouch where food is mixed into a thick liquid; major site for both mechanical and chemical digestion.

Digestive Juices

  • Includes pepsin and hydrochloric acid for breaking down proteins and killing bacteria in food.

Small Intestine

  • Named for its narrow diameter, about 2-3 cm wide and 6 m long; primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

Liver

  • Major abdominal organ responsible for bile production.

Bile

  • Substance produced in the liver that breaks down large fat particles into smaller droplets; stored in the gall bladder.

Gall Bladder

  • Reservoir for bile, releases it into the small intestine after eating.

Pancreas

  • Triangular organ that produces enzymes to digest starches, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.

Villi

  • Tiny, finger-like structures in the small intestine that facilitate nutrient absorption.

Large Intestine

  • Final section of the digestive system; approximately 1.5 m long and wider than the small intestine; absorbs water and prepares waste for elimination.

Rectum

  • Last part of the large intestine, compresses waste material into a solid form.

Anus

  • Muscular opening at the end of the rectum for waste elimination.

Order of Digestive System Pathway

  • Sequence: Mouth → Esophagus → Stomach → Small Intestine → Large Intestine.

Food Transit Time in Digestive Organs

  • Varies in duration but essential for effective digestion and absorption; specific times not detailed.

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