Digestive System Flashcards - Chapter 25
25 Questions
101 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Correctly label the following parts of the digestive system.

Answer not provided.

Correctly label the following parts of the digestive system.

Answer not provided.

Correctly label the following parts of the digestive system.

Answer not provided.

Correctly label the following tissues of the digestive tract.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the anatomical features of a tooth.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the anatomical features of the salivary glands.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following anatomical features of the stomach wall.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following anatomical features of the stomach wall.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the cells found in the stomach.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following microscopic anatomy of the liver.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Correctly label the following parts of intestinal villi.

<p>Answer not provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gastric secretion begins during the __________ phase and ends during the __________ phase.

<p>cephalic; intestinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hormone __________ stimulates the secretion of the enzyme __________ in the stomach.

<p>gastrin; pepsinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stimulation from the __________ nervous system via the __________ nerve causes the secretion of HCl in the stomach.

<p>parasympathetic; vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cholecystokinin, which is produced in the small intestine, inhibits gastric secretions in the stomach.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Secretin is released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is sucrase found in the human body?

<p>On the microvilli of the small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding sucrase?

<p>Sucrase breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?

<p>By binding to the active site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?

<p>Many times (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood sugar refers to circulating levels of __________ in the blood.

<p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two different people consume the same food, it is possible that one receives a different number of calories from that food because of differing bacterial populations in the large intestine.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term __________ means pertaining to the mouth.

<p>oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the microscopic structural subunits of the liver?

<p>Hepatic lobules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A __________ is an enzyme that digests proteins.

<p>protease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the esophagus?

The tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, transporting food.

What is the stomach?

The muscular organ responsible for churning food and mixing it with gastric juices.

What are the intestines?

The long, coiled tube where most digestion and absorption occur.

What are accessory organs?

Organs like the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder that aid in digestion, but are not part of the main digestive tract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the serosa?

The outermost layer of the digestive tract, composed of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and smooth muscle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the mucosa?

The layer of the digestive tract containing glands that secrete mucus and digestive enzymes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the submucosa?

The layer of the digestive tract containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the muscularis?

The layer of the digestive tract responsible for muscle contractions to move food along.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is enamel?

The hard outer layer of a tooth, made of calcium phosphate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is dentin?

The layer beneath enamel, composed of a bone-like substance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is pulp?

The soft inner core of a tooth containing blood vessels and nerves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the tooth root?

The part of a tooth that anchors it to the jawbone.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the parotid gland?

The largest salivary gland, located near the ear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the sublingual gland?

The salivary gland located under the tongue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the submandibular gland?

The salivary gland located under the jaw.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are rugae?

The folds in the stomach lining that allow for expansion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are parietal cells?

Cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl), a crucial component of gastric juice.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are chief cells?

Cells in the stomach that secrete pepsinogen, a precursor to the enzyme pepsin, responsible for protein digestion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are enteroendocrine cells?

Cells in the stomach that release hormones like gastrin, which regulate digestion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a hepatic lobule?

The structural unit of the liver, made up of a central vein surrounded by radiating plates of hepatocytes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are intestinal villi?

Finger-like projections on the inner lining of the small intestine, increasing surface area for absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are microvilli?

Tiny projections on the surface of intestinal villi, further increasing surface area for absorption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are proteases?

Enzymes that break down proteins into smaller peptides, essential for digestion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is sucrase?

The enzyme that breaks down sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

The phase of gastric secretion triggered by the sight, smell, or thought of food.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

The phase of gastric secretion stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the intestinal phase of gastric secretion?

The phase of gastric secretion triggered by the arrival of chyme (partially digested food) in the small intestine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is gastrin?

A hormone that stimulates the release of pepsinogen from chief cells in the stomach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is secretin?

A hormone released in response to acidic chyme, which stimulates pancreatic secretion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the parasympathetic nervous system?

The part of the nervous system that stimulates the release of gastric juices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the vagus nerve?

The nerve that connects the brain to the stomach, playing a crucial role in digestion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is blood sugar?

The level of glucose in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is gut microbiota?

The diverse population of bacteria that reside in the gut.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the impact of gut microbiota on caloric absorption?

The ability of the gut microbiota to influence how much energy we absorb from food.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the function of enzymes in digestion?

The process by which enzymes break down food into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Digestive System Parts

  • Knowledge of the anatomy of the digestive system includes labeling various structures.
  • Essential structures include the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

Tissues of the Digestive Tract

  • Familiarity with different tissue types present in the digestive tract is crucial for understanding function.

Anatomical Features of Teeth

  • Teeth structure comprises enamel, dentin, pulp, and roots.
  • Understanding tooth anatomy aids in recognizing dental health issues.

Salivary Glands Anatomy

  • Salivary glands consist of parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.
  • These glands play a significant role in digestion through saliva production.

Stomach Wall Features

  • Stomach anatomy includes layers such as mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.
  • Identifying features like rugae enhances comprehension of digestive mechanics.

Cells in the Stomach

  • Different cell types include parietal, chief, and enteroendocrine cells.
  • These cells are vital for gastric acid secretion, enzyme production, and hormone release.

Liver Microscopic Anatomy

  • The liver consists of microscopic units called hepatic lobules.
  • Understanding liver anatomy is essential for recognizing its metabolic and detoxification functions.

Intestinal Villi

  • Villi are finger-like projections lining the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.
  • Each villus contains microvilli, further enhancing nutrient uptake.

Enzymes and Their Functions

  • Knowledge of enzyme functions is critical; for example, sucrase hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.
  • Enzymatic activity can be affected by various physiological factors.

Gastric Secretion Phases

  • Gastric secretion phases include cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases.
  • Understanding these phases is important for grasping how the stomach prepares for digestion.

Hormones in Digestion

  • Gastrin stimulates pepsinogen secretion, crucial for protein digestion.
  • Secretin is released in response to acidic chyme, influencing pancreatic secretions.

Nervous System Regulation

  • The parasympathetic nervous system, via the vagus nerve, activates gastric functions.
  • Understanding nervous control is vital for comprehending digestive regulation.

Sucrase Function and Location

  • Sucrase is located on microvilli of the small intestine, emphasizing the role of intestinal enzymes.
  • It acts multiple times to hydrolyze sucrose, highlighting the efficiency of enzymatic processes.

Blood Sugar Levels

  • Blood sugar primarily refers to glucose levels in circulation, which is crucial for energy metabolism.
  • This understanding helps in managing conditions like diabetes.

Gut Bacterial Impact

  • Variability in bacterial populations in the gut can lead to differences in caloric absorption.
  • Acknowledging this dynamic is important for grasping the nutritional aspects of digestion.

Microscopic Structural Units of the Liver

  • Hepatic lobules function as the liver's fundamental structural units.
  • Understanding these units contributes to knowledge of liver function in metabolism and detoxification.

Protease Function

  • Protease enzymes are responsible for protein digestion, which is critical for nutrient utilization.
  • Knowledge of proteases aids in understanding overall digestive enzyme function.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

Test your knowledge on the parts of the digestive system with these flashcards from Chapter 25. Each card focuses on correctly labeling various parts and tissues, enhancing your understanding of human anatomy. Perfect for students studying biology or health sciences.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser