Digestive System Chapter 23: Overview and GI Tract Layers

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What is the role of the myenteric plexus in the alimentary canal?

Transporting nutrients to organs

Regulating digestive secretions (correct)

Increasing GI secretion

Restricting enteric neurons

Which nervous system innervates the alimentary canal extrinsically?

Parasympathetic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system (correct)

Sympathetic nervous system

Enteric nervous system

What is the function of the visceral peritoneum?

Envelopes the abdominal organs (correct)

Propels food to the stomach

Lines the abdominal wall

Regulates digestive secretions

During which process does the mouth begin the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates and lipids?

Activating in the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the esophagus in the digestive system?

Propelling food to the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood pumped enters arteries serving the intestines while resting and digesting?

25% Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the GI tract is responsible for mechanical digestion and peristalsis?

Muscularis Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is present in the stomach and intestines?

Columnar Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the GI tract contains goblet cells that secrete mucus?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What are the accessory digestive organs mentioned in the text?

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the GI tract contains a collection of nerves called the submucosal plexus?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is involved in swallowing and defecation at both ends of the GI tract?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive process?

Absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone stimulates the release of gastric acid in the stomach?

Gastrin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tongue in the digestive process?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a short reflex in the digestive system?

Expansion of the stomach triggering increased digestive juice production Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing?

Uvula Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which undigested materials are removed from the body?

Defecation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lower esophageal sphincter?

To regulate the movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach and prevent acid reflux Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the swallowing (deglutition) process?

Voluntary, pharyngeal, esophageal Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pyloric sphincter?

To regulate the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the stomach stores undigested food and gases?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate time it takes for solid food to travel from the mouth to the stomach?

4-8 seconds Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the size of the stomach is true?

The empty stomach is about the size of a fist and can stretch to hold 4 liters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lingual frenulum?

To anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of saliva?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the salivary amylase enzyme?

To initiate the breakdown of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of teeth in the permanent set?

Bicuspids Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?

To prevent food from entering the trachea Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the esophagus?

10 inches Signup and view all the answers