40 Questions
What forms the enamel of the tooth?
Ameloblasts
What is the function of cementoblasts?
Forming cementum
What are the Contour lines of Retzius?
Growth lines at right angles to the direction of enamel rods
What is the purpose of the periodontal ligament?
To anchor cementum to the bony alveolar socket
What are Lines of Schreger?
Alternating light and dark lines seen in enamel of the tooth
What covers dentine in the root of the tooth?
Cementum
What is the prismatic rod sheath?
A thin layer of organic matrix that covers the prism
What are cementocytes?
Mature cementoblasts
What is the main reason for the occurrence of dentineal tubules?
Lack of proper oral hygiene
What type of cells occupy the dentineal tubules in a living state?
Processes of odontoblasts
What is the term for the protoplasmic processes of odontoblasts that occupy the dentineal tubules?
Fibers of Tomes
What is the newly formed layer of dentine formed by odontoblasts?
Predentine
What do the incremental lines of von Ebner indicate?
Rhythmic growth pattern of dentine
What is the granular layer of Tomes?
A thin layer of dentine adjacent to cementum
What is the function of the tongue in the human body?
Taste, speech, mastication, and deglutination
What is the shape of the tongue?
Conical-shaped organ with a root, tip, and body
What are the three main functions of the digestive system?
The three main functions of the digestive system are ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food and water.
What are the associated structures of the oral cavity?
The associated structures of the oral cavity are lips, teeth, tongue, and salivary glands.
What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?
The oral cavity is lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
What is the function of salivary glands in the oral cavity?
The salivary glands, such as parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, help in ingestion of food and water with the production of saliva.
What is the difference between the epithelium lining the oral cavity and the epithelium found in certain parts of the oral cavity?
The epithelium lining the oral cavity is nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium, while certain parts of the oral cavity are lined by parakeratinized epithelium.
What is the function of the lamina propria in the oral cavity?
The lamina propria supports the epithelium lining the oral cavity and consists of loose areolar tissue.
What immunological functions does the oral cavity perform?
The oral cavity performs immunological functions with the help of palatine tonsil, lingual tonsil, and other diffuse mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.
What are the components of the gastrointestinal tract?
The components of the gastrointestinal tract are esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines.
What are the three types of cells that make up a taste bud?
Neuroepithelial/sensory cells, supporting cells, and basal/stem cells
What is the function of supporting cells in a taste bud?
They support receptor cells and secrete amorphous dense material at the taste pore
What is the life span of neuroepithelial/sensory cells?
10 days
Which nerves synapse with the basal portion of neuroepithelial/sensory cells?
Facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves
What type of receptors are activated by bitter, sweet, and delicious tastants?
G-protein coupled taste receptors
Which part of the tongue detects sweet taste?
Tip of the tongue
What type of glands are found in the tongue?
Mucous lingual glands and von Ebner's serous glands
Which structure supports muscle bundles in the tongue?
Loose connective tissue
What type of epithelium lines the striated ducts of the parotid salivary gland?
Simple columnar epithelium with basal infoldings
What are the star-shaped cells present between the epithelium and basal lamina of the acinus?
Myoepithelial cells or basket cells
What type of epithelium lines the other ducts of the parotid salivary gland?
Stratified cuboidal to stratified squamous epithelium
What is present in between the acini of the parotid salivary gland?
Adipose tissue
What is the characteristic feature of the submandibular gland?
Presence of both serous and mucous acini
What is the characteristic feature of the mucous acini in the submandibular gland?
Few mucous acini show serous demilunes
What is the function of the septa arising from the capsule in the submandibular gland?
Divide the gland into number of lobes and lobules
What type of ducts are present in the submandibular gland?
Lobar, interlobular, and intralobular (striated and intercalated) ducts
Study Notes
Digestive System I: Oral Cavity and Associated Structures
- The digestive system performs functions of ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food and water.
- It consists of the oral cavity and associated structures, gastrointestinal tract, and associated glands such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Oral Cavity
- The oral cavity helps in ingestion of food and water with the help of saliva.
- It is lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium supported by lamina propria.
- Part of the oral cavity is lined by parakeratinized epithelium with superficial cells that have nuclei and get exfoliated.
- Lamina propria has few mucous and serous glands.
Tooth
- Tooth is composed of enamel, dentine, and cementum.
- Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and is formed by ameloblasts.
- Dentine is formed by odontoblasts and has dentineal tubules occupied by processes of odontoblasts.
- Cementum covers dentine in the root of the tooth and is formed by cementoblasts.
- The periodontal ligament anchors cementum to the bony alveolar socket.
Tongue
- Tongue is a mucomuscular organ with a core of skeletal muscles covered with mucous membrane.
- It helps in taste, speech, mastication, and deglutination.
- Taste buds consist of neuroepithelial/sensory cells, supporting cells, and basal/stem cells.
- Chemicals (tastants) stimulate receptor cells and generate signals for sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and delicious tastes.
Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands include parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands.
- Parotid gland is a serous salivary gland with acini and striated ducts lined by simple columnar epithelium.
- Submandibular gland is a mixed salivary gland with both serous and mucous acini and ducts.
- Sublingual gland is a mucous salivary gland with mucous acini and ducts.
Learn about the functions of the digestive system, including ingestion, digestion, and absorption, with a focus on the oral cavity and associated structures.
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