Digestive System Assignment Flashcards

Questions and Answers

List two functions of the tongue.

Taste food, aids with chewing and swallowing of food

What is mastication?

Chewing and grinding of the food by the teeth

Three pairs of salivary glands, the ___, _, and the _ produce saliva that _ the mouth during speech and chewing and ___ food so it can be swallowed easily.

parotid, sublingual, submandibular, lubricates, moistens

Saliva also contains an enzyme called ___, which begins the chemical breakdown of _ or ___.

salivary amylase, carbohydrates, starches Signup and view all the answers

After the food is chewed and mixed with saliva, it is called a/an _____.

bolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the wavelike involuntary movement of muscles that causes the food to move in a forward direction through the digestive tract?

peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

List four things that happen in the stomach during digestion.

Converted to chyme, helps absorption of iron, pepsin starts protein digestion, rennin digests milk in infants Signup and view all the answers

What does maltase do?

Breaks down sugars into simpler forms Signup and view all the answers

What does sucrase do?

Breaks down sugars into simpler forms Signup and view all the answers

What do peptidases do?

Complete the digestion of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile?

Emulsifies or physically breaks down fats Signup and view all the answers

What does pancreatic amylase do?

Chemically breaks down sugars Signup and view all the answers

What does trypsin do?

Chemically breaks down proteins Signup and view all the answers

What does lipase do?

Chemically breaks down fats Signup and view all the answers

Fingerlike projections in the small intestine, called ___, contain _ and ___.

villi, blood capillaries, lacteals Signup and view all the answers

The blood capillaries absorb most of the _, while the lacteals absorb most of the digested _.

digested nutrients, fats Signup and view all the answers

List three functions of the large intestine.

Absorption of water and remaining nutrients, storage of indigestible materials, transportation of waste from ducts Signup and view all the answers

Name the four divisions of the colon.

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon Signup and view all the answers

List five functions of the liver.

Secretes bile, stores sugar or glycogen, stores iron, stores vitamins, produces heparin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Stores and concentrates bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the glandular organ behind the stomach?

pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What two secretions does the pancreas produce?

Produces pancreatic juice with enzymes to digest food, produces insulin to regulate metabolism of carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is hepatitis?

Inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus Signup and view all the answers

What is diarrhea?

Condition characterized by frequent watery stools Signup and view all the answers

What is cholelithiasis?

Presence of stones in the gallbladder Signup and view all the answers

What is cirrhosis?

Chronic disease of the liver in which scar tissues replaces liver cells Signup and view all the answers

What are hemorrhoids?

Distended or varicose veins in the rectal or anal area Signup and view all the answers

What is ulcerative colitis?

Inflammatory disease of the colon with formation of ulcers and abscesses Signup and view all the answers

What is gastroenteritis?

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines Signup and view all the answers

What is a hiatal hernia?

Stomach protrudes through the diaphragm by opening for esophagus Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate between type A, type B, and type C hepatitis. Why must health care workers be concerned about these diseases?

Each is caused by 3 different viruses; symptoms may be similar but each affects the liver differently. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functions of the Tongue and Saliva Production

The tongue is essential for taste perception and assists in chewing and swallowing.
Salivary glands include the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular, producing saliva to lubricate the mouth and facilitate swallowing.
Saliva contains salivary amylase, an enzyme that initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates and starches.

Mastication and Bolus Formation

Mastication refers to the chewing and grinding of food, crucial for preparation for digestion.
After thorough chewing and mixing with saliva, the food forms a bolus, ready for swallowing.

Digestive Processes in the Stomach

The stomach converts food into chyme, aiding in iron absorption.
Enzymes like pepsin initiate protein digestion, while rennin specializes in digesting milk in infants.

Digestive Enzymes in the Small Intestine

Maltase and sucrase break down sugars into simpler forms for absorption.
Peptidases finish digesting proteins, while bile emulsifies fats, aiding in their digestion.
Pancreatic amylase breaks down sugars chemically; trypsin targets proteins, and lipase handles fats.

Nutrient Absorption Mechanisms

The small intestine features villi, fingerlike projections that contain blood capillaries and lacteals.
Blood capillaries absorb most digested nutrients, while lacteals primarily absorb fats.

Large Intestine Functions

The large intestine absorbs excess water and remaining nutrients, stores indigestible materials, and transports waste from the body.

Colon Divisions

The colon consists of four sections: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon.

Liver Functions

The liver plays multiple roles: secreting bile, storing glycogen, iron, vitamins, and producing heparin.

Gallbladder and Pancreatic Functions

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile necessary for fat digestion.
The pancreas, located behind the stomach, produces pancreatic juice and insulin for digestion and carbohydrate metabolism regulation.

Common Digestive Disorders

Hepatitis refers to liver inflammation, typically viral.
Diarrhea is characterized by frequent watery stools, often indicating digestive issues.
Cholelithiasis involves stones in the gallbladder, while cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease marked by scar tissue replacement of liver cells.
Hemorrhoids consist of swollen veins in the rectal area, and ulcerative colitis involves inflammation and ulcer formation in the colon.
Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the stomach and intestinal mucous membranes.
A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm near the esophagus.

Hepatitis Types

There are three types of hepatitis: A, B, and C, caused by different viruses, with varying symptoms and liver effects, highlighting the importance of health care vigilance.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of the digestive system with these flashcards. Learn about the functions of the tongue, mastication, and the role of salivary glands. Ideal for students looking to reinforce their understanding in a fun and interactive way.