Digestive System and Peptic Ulcer Overview

A type of ulcer that occurs after extensive burn injuries, often affecting the stomach antrum or duodenum.

A type of ulcer linked to head injuries, strokes, brain tumors, or intracranial surgery. It arises due to increased intracranial pressure, leading to overstimulation of the vagus nerve and excessive gastric acid secretion.

A condition where the protective lining of the stomach (gastric mucosa) is damaged, potentially leading to ulcers.

The process by which the body breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. It involves digestion, absorption, and metabolism.

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. It involves mechanical and chemical processes.

The process of taking nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream.

The removal of undigested waste from the body.

A substance produced by the stomach that helps break down protein.

A strong acid produced by the stomach that helps activate pepsin and kill bacteria.

A protein produced by the stomach that helps absorb vitamin B12.

Sore or open wound that forms in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and aspirin, that can increase the risk of peptic ulcers.

Inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch that extends from the colon.

A common symptom of appendicitis, often described as a sharp pain in the lower right abdomen.

A diagnostic test used to visualize the appendix and surrounding tissues.

A blood test that shows increased levels of white blood cells, indicating infection.

A protein produced in the liver during inflammation, elevated in appendicitis.

A surgical procedure involving the removal of the lower portion of the antrum of the stomach, the portion containing gastrin-secreting cells. A small part of the duodenum and pylorus are also removed. The remaining stomach portion is then connected (anastomosed) to the duodenum.

A surgical procedure involving the removal of the lower portion (antrum) of the stomach. This portion is then connected (anastomosed) to the jejunum.

A medical condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas, often accompanied by severe pain, nausea, and vomiting. It can be caused by gallstones, alcohol abuse, or other factors.

A medical condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity. Causes can include infection, injury, or surgery.

A symptom of acute pancreatitis that presents as a rigid or board-like abdomen to the touch.

A symptom of acute pancreatitis that presents as bruising in the flank or around the belly button.

A symptom of acute pancreatitis related to the risk of fluid loss from vomiting.

An elevated level of amylase in the blood, indicating potential damage to the pancreas.

Removal of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision, typically performed after ligating the cystic duct and artery. It's a common surgical procedure for treating gallstones and related conditions.

A temporary opening made through the abdominal wall into the common bile duct, usually for removing stones.

A minimally invasive procedure used to drain fluid buildup in the gallbladder.

A specific point in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, often associated with pain in appendicitis.

A sign of appendicitis, where pressing on the left lower quadrant elicits pain in the right lower quadrant.

A sign of appendicitis, where pain is felt when the hip is flexed and internally rotated.

A sign of appendicitis, where pain is felt when the right hip is flexed and externally rotated.

Inflammation of the pancreas characterized by "autodigestion," where pancreatic enzymes damage the organ itself.

Pain in the middle upper abdomen, often occurring 24-48 hours after a large meal or alcohol intake.

Nausea, Vomiting, and Abdominal Distention

Medications like H2 antagonists or PPIs are used to suppress acid production and relieve symptoms.

Providing nutrients directly into the bloodstream for patients who can't tolerate oral intake.

Pain relief measures include narcotic analgesics like morphine.

Keeping the patient on nothing by mouth (NPO) to prevent stimulation of the pancreas.

Frequent oral hygiene is crucial for patients with nasogastric tubes (NGT)

Rest in a knee-to-chest (fetal position) or semi-Fowler's position.

Encouraging coughing and deep breathing exercises to prevent respiratory complications.