Digestive System and Gastroenterology Quiz, disease, CPR, Socology, History, Latin ect hints provided by Prof.

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Questions and Answers

Villi and microvilli are finger-like projections found in the small intestine lining. What is their purpose?

  • To produce digestive enzymes
  • To aid in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream (correct)
  • To store bile
  • To break down undigested food particles

Approximately how long is the small intestine in adults?

  • 10 feet
  • 15 feet
  • 25 feet
  • 20 feet (correct)

What is bacterial digestion?

  • The breakdown of food by enzymes in the pancreas
  • The breakdown of food by beneficial bacteria in the small intestine
  • The breakdown of food by stomach acid
  • The breakdown of food by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine (correct)

What is an additional function of the large intestine that the small intestine does not share?

<p>Absorption of water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organs are considered digestive accessory organs?

<p>Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ produces bile and filters out toxins and waste from the blood?

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bile, and where is it stored?

<p>To emulsify fats, stored in the gallbladder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

<p>To produce digestive enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

<p>To regulate blood sugar levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of digestion comes after mechanical/chemical digestion?

<p>Absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the phase of digestion involving the mouth?

<p>Oral Phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of organs/structures through which food passes before being expelled from the body?

<p>Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of amylase in the digestive system, specifically in the mouth?

<p>Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the mechanical tools used for the breakdown of food?

<p>Teeth, Mastication (Chewing) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of peristalsis?

<p>Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location and function of the epiglottis?

<p>Located at the base of the tongue, it prevents food and liquids from entering the windpipe during swallowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the J-shaped, muscular organ that stores food?

<p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to food found in the stomach?

<p>Chyme (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Apart from breaking down proteins and lipids, what is another function of the acidic environment in the stomach?

<p>Killing harmful bacteria and pathogens present in food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is longer, the small intestine or the large intestine?

<p>The small intestine is longer than the large intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on the functions of body structures?

<p>Physiology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the father of modern medicine?

<p>Hippocrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where did the Anatomy Act of 1832 come into effect?

<p>United Kingdom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Anatomy Act of 1832 allow for?

<p>Legal dissection of donated bodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Louis Pasteur known for?

<p>Developing the first vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of disease surveillance?

<p>To monitor disease patterns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing factor between anatomy and physiology?

<p>Anatomy studies the functions of body parts, while physiology studies the structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pasteurization process?

<p>To kill harmful bacteria in food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of disease focuses on microorganisms as the primary cause of diseases?

<p>Germ theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main factors necessary for disease to occur?

<p>Agent factors, Host factors, Environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of disease prevention aims to prevent the development of risk factors that could lead to disease?

<p>Primordial prevention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main strategies to achieve the eradication of disease?

<p>Eliminating the reservoir or source of the disease, Cutting off transmission, Making the population immune to that disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is disease surveillance performed?

<p>By monitoring and collecting data on disease occurrence and spread (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the common consensus of literates’ views on the source of disease?

<p>Disease is caused by microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of uneducated people believe that disease is due to a bad physical environment?

<p>90% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the accusative singular form of the noun 'genu, -us, n' in Latin?

<p>d) genu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which allows the vena cava to pass through?

<p>b) Cavae venae foramen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ablative plural form of the noun 'hospitalium, -i n' in Latin?

<p>b) hospitaliis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is the accusative singular of the noun 'genu, -us, n' in Latin?

<p>genu (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which gives passage to the vena cava?

<p>Foramen cavae venae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin term for the muscle that extends and flexes the spine, helps maintain an upright position?

<p>Erector spinae musculus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dative singular (masculine/feminine gender) of the adjective 'temporalis, -e' in Latin?

<p>temporali (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gentive plural (neuter gender) of the adjective 'lymphaticus, -a, -um' in Latin?

<p>lymphaticorum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Latin term for the muscle that allows a person to move the corners of their mouth downwards?

<p>Musculus depressor anguli oris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the accusative singular of the adjective 'centralis, centrale' for masculine gender in Latin?

<p>centralem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dative plural of the noun 'sanguis, -inis,m' in Latin?

<p>sanguinibus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genitive plural of the noun 'facies, -ei, f' in Latin?

<p>facierum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a health impairing habit?

<p>Smoking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four models of the doctor-patient relationship?

<p>Paternalistic model, Informative model, Interpretative model, Deliberative model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is holistic care?

<p>Complete patient care, addressing physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of stress?

<p>Acute and chronic stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the physical category?

<p>Headache (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the emotional category?

<p>Anxiety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the cognitive category?

<p>Inability to focus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the behavioral category?

<p>Procrastination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social anomie?

<p>An individual's sense of alienation or social distance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe?

<p>Plague (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Between 1518-1531, one-third of the total population of Native Americans in the New World died due to which disease?

<p>Smallpox (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The great age of hospital building and medical universities was in which century?

<p>12th century (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first properly explained the circulation of blood in the heart?

<p>William Harvey (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe?

<p>Plague (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for conducting the first controlled clinical trial in history?

<p>James Lind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the disease that James Lind studied in his controlled clinical trial?

<p>Scurvy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which century did James Lind conduct the first controlled clinical trial?

<p>18th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician is often regarded as a pioneer in the development of clinical trials and evidence-based medicine?

<p>James Lind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is scurvy?

<p>A deficiency disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a category of cerebral hypoxia?

<p>Diffuse cerebral hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After how many minutes without perfusion and oxygenation does irreversible brain damage occur?

<p>3-5 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?

<p>Post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which basic brain functions continue in a person with persistent vegetative state (PVS)?

<p>Breathing spontaneously and Maintaining the heartbeat and blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the chance of successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) change with each minute following sudden cardiac arrest?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before starting CPR, what should you check?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the proposed breathing-to-compressions ratio during CPR?

<p>2:30 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of cerebral hypoxia?

<p>Cerebral infarction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?

<p>Persistent vegetative state (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proposed breathing-to-compressions ratio during CPR?

<p>2:30 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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