Digestive System and Gastroenterology Quiz, disease, CPR, Socology, History, Latin ect hints provided by Prof.
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Questions and Answers

Villi and microvilli are finger-like projections found in the small intestine lining. What is their purpose?

  • To produce digestive enzymes
  • To aid in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream (correct)
  • To store bile
  • To break down undigested food particles

    • Approximately how long is the small intestine in adults?

  • 10 feet
  • 15 feet
  • 25 feet
  • 20 feet (correct)

    • What is bacterial digestion?

  • The breakdown of food by enzymes in the pancreas
  • The breakdown of food by beneficial bacteria in the small intestine
  • The breakdown of food by stomach acid
  • The breakdown of food by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine (correct)

    • What is an additional function of the large intestine that the small intestine does not share?

    <p>Absorption of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organs are considered digestive accessory organs?

    <p>Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ produces bile and filters out toxins and waste from the blood?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bile, and where is it stored?

    <p>To emulsify fats, stored in the gallbladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

    <p>To produce digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

    <p>To regulate blood sugar levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of digestion comes after mechanical/chemical digestion?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the phase of digestion involving the mouth?

    <p>Oral Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of organs/structures through which food passes before being expelled from the body?

    <p>Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of amylase in the digestive system, specifically in the mouth?

    <p>Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mechanical tools used for the breakdown of food?

    <p>Teeth, Mastication (Chewing)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of peristalsis?

    <p>Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location and function of the epiglottis?

    <p>Located at the base of the tongue, it prevents food and liquids from entering the windpipe during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the J-shaped, muscular organ that stores food?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to food found in the stomach?

    <p>Chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apart from breaking down proteins and lipids, what is another function of the acidic environment in the stomach?

    <p>Killing harmful bacteria and pathogens present in food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is longer, the small intestine or the large intestine?

    <p>The small intestine is longer than the large intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field of study focuses on the functions of body structures?

    <p>Physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is considered the father of modern medicine?

    <p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did the Anatomy Act of 1832 come into effect?

    <p>United Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Anatomy Act of 1832 allow for?

    <p>Legal dissection of donated bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Louis Pasteur known for?

    <p>Developing the first vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of disease surveillance?

    <p>To monitor disease patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing factor between anatomy and physiology?

    <p>Anatomy studies the functions of body parts, while physiology studies the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pasteurization process?

    <p>To kill harmful bacteria in food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of disease focuses on microorganisms as the primary cause of diseases?

    <p>Germ theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main factors necessary for disease to occur?

    <p>Agent factors, Host factors, Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of disease prevention aims to prevent the development of risk factors that could lead to disease?

    <p>Primordial prevention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main strategies to achieve the eradication of disease?

    <p>Eliminating the reservoir or source of the disease, Cutting off transmission, Making the population immune to that disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is disease surveillance performed?

    <p>By monitoring and collecting data on disease occurrence and spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the common consensus of literates’ views on the source of disease?

    <p>Disease is caused by microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of uneducated people believe that disease is due to a bad physical environment?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the accusative singular form of the noun 'genu, -us, n' in Latin?

    <p>d) genu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which allows the vena cava to pass through?

    <p>b) Cavae venae foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ablative plural form of the noun 'hospitalium, -i n' in Latin?

    <p>b) hospitaliis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is the accusative singular of the noun 'genu, -us, n' in Latin?

    <p>genu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which gives passage to the vena cava?

    <p>Foramen cavae venae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin term for the muscle that extends and flexes the spine, helps maintain an upright position?

    <p>Erector spinae musculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dative singular (masculine/feminine gender) of the adjective 'temporalis, -e' in Latin?

    <p>temporali</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gentive plural (neuter gender) of the adjective 'lymphaticus, -a, -um' in Latin?

    <p>lymphaticorum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Latin term for the muscle that allows a person to move the corners of their mouth downwards?

    <p>Musculus depressor anguli oris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the accusative singular of the adjective 'centralis, centrale' for masculine gender in Latin?

    <p>centralem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dative plural of the noun 'sanguis, -inis,m' in Latin?

    <p>sanguinibus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genitive plural of the noun 'facies, -ei, f' in Latin?

    <p>facierum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a health impairing habit?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four models of the doctor-patient relationship?

    <p>Paternalistic model, Informative model, Interpretative model, Deliberative model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is holistic care?

    <p>Complete patient care, addressing physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of stress?

    <p>Acute and chronic stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the physical category?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the emotional category?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the cognitive category?

    <p>Inability to focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the behavioral category?

    <p>Procrastination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is social anomie?

    <p>An individual's sense of alienation or social distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between 1518-1531, one-third of the total population of Native Americans in the New World died due to which disease?

    <p>Smallpox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The great age of hospital building and medical universities was in which century?

    <p>12th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who first properly explained the circulation of blood in the heart?

    <p>William Harvey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe?

    <p>Plague</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for conducting the first controlled clinical trial in history?

    <p>James Lind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the disease that James Lind studied in his controlled clinical trial?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which century did James Lind conduct the first controlled clinical trial?

    <p>18th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physician is often regarded as a pioneer in the development of clinical trials and evidence-based medicine?

    <p>James Lind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is scurvy?

    <p>A deficiency disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a category of cerebral hypoxia?

    <p>Diffuse cerebral hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After how many minutes without perfusion and oxygenation does irreversible brain damage occur?

    <p>3-5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?

    <p>Post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which basic brain functions continue in a person with persistent vegetative state (PVS)?

    <p>Breathing spontaneously and Maintaining the heartbeat and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the chance of successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) change with each minute following sudden cardiac arrest?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before starting CPR, what should you check?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the proposed breathing-to-compressions ratio during CPR?

    <p>2:30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of cerebral hypoxia?

    <p>Cerebral infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?

    <p>Persistent vegetative state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed breathing-to-compressions ratio during CPR?

    <p>2:30</p> Signup and view all the answers

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