76 Questions
Villi and microvilli are finger-like projections found in the small intestine lining. What is their purpose?
To aid in the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
Approximately how long is the small intestine in adults?
20 feet
What is bacterial digestion?
The breakdown of food by beneficial bacteria in the large intestine
What is an additional function of the large intestine that the small intestine does not share?
Absorption of water
Which organs are considered digestive accessory organs?
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Which organ produces bile and filters out toxins and waste from the blood?
Liver
What is the function of bile, and where is it stored?
To emulsify fats, stored in the gallbladder
What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
To produce digestive enzymes
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
To regulate blood sugar levels
Which phase of digestion comes after mechanical/chemical digestion?
Absorption
What is the name of the phase of digestion involving the mouth?
Oral Phase
What is the order of organs/structures through which food passes before being expelled from the body?
Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus
What is the function of amylase in the digestive system, specifically in the mouth?
Amylase breaks down carbohydrates into simpler sugars
What are the mechanical tools used for the breakdown of food?
Teeth, Mastication (Chewing)
What is the definition of peristalsis?
Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles in the gastrointestinal tract
What is the location and function of the epiglottis?
Located at the base of the tongue, it prevents food and liquids from entering the windpipe during swallowing
What is the name of the J-shaped, muscular organ that stores food?
Stomach
What is the name given to food found in the stomach?
Chyme
Apart from breaking down proteins and lipids, what is another function of the acidic environment in the stomach?
Killing harmful bacteria and pathogens present in food
Which is longer, the small intestine or the large intestine?
The small intestine is longer than the large intestine
Which field of study focuses on the functions of body structures?
Physiology
Who is considered the father of modern medicine?
Hippocrates
Where did the Anatomy Act of 1832 come into effect?
United Kingdom
What did the Anatomy Act of 1832 allow for?
Legal dissection of donated bodies
What is Louis Pasteur known for?
Developing the first vaccine
What is the main purpose of disease surveillance?
To monitor disease patterns
What is the distinguishing factor between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy studies the functions of body parts, while physiology studies the structure
What is the purpose of the pasteurization process?
To kill harmful bacteria in food
Which theory of disease focuses on microorganisms as the primary cause of diseases?
Germ theory
What are the three main factors necessary for disease to occur?
Agent factors, Host factors, Environmental factors
Which level of disease prevention aims to prevent the development of risk factors that could lead to disease?
Primordial prevention
What are the three main strategies to achieve the eradication of disease?
Eliminating the reservoir or source of the disease, Cutting off transmission, Making the population immune to that disease
How is disease surveillance performed?
By monitoring and collecting data on disease occurrence and spread
What was the common consensus of literates’ views on the source of disease?
Disease is caused by microorganisms
What percentage of uneducated people believe that disease is due to a bad physical environment?
90%
Which of the following is the accusative singular form of the noun 'genu, -us, n' in Latin?
d) genu
What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which allows the vena cava to pass through?
b) Cavae venae foramen
What is the ablative plural form of the noun 'hospitalium, -i n' in Latin?
b) hospitaliis
Which one of these is the accusative singular of the noun 'genu, -us, n' in Latin?
genu
What is the Latin term for the opening of the diaphragm which gives passage to the vena cava?
Foramen cavae venae
What is the Latin term for the muscle that extends and flexes the spine, helps maintain an upright position?
Erector spinae musculus
What is the dative singular (masculine/feminine gender) of the adjective 'temporalis, -e' in Latin?
temporali
What is the gentive plural (neuter gender) of the adjective 'lymphaticus, -a, -um' in Latin?
lymphaticorum
What is the Latin term for the muscle that allows a person to move the corners of their mouth downwards?
Musculus depressor anguli oris
What is the accusative singular of the adjective 'centralis, centrale' for masculine gender in Latin?
centralem
What is the dative plural of the noun 'sanguis, -inis,m' in Latin?
sanguinibus
What is the genitive plural of the noun 'facies, -ei, f' in Latin?
facierum
Which of the following is an example of a health impairing habit?
Smoking
What are the four models of the doctor-patient relationship?
Paternalistic model, Informative model, Interpretative model, Deliberative model
What is holistic care?
Complete patient care, addressing physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs
What are the two types of stress?
Acute and chronic stress
Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the physical category?
Headache
Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the emotional category?
Anxiety
Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the cognitive category?
Inability to focus
Which of the following is a symptom of chronic stress in the behavioral category?
Procrastination
What is social anomie?
An individual's sense of alienation or social distance
Which disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe?
Plague
Between 1518-1531, one-third of the total population of Native Americans in the New World died due to which disease?
Smallpox
The great age of hospital building and medical universities was in which century?
12th century
Who first properly explained the circulation of blood in the heart?
William Harvey
What disease caused the largest number of fatalities in a single epidemic in the history of Europe?
Plague
Who is known for conducting the first controlled clinical trial in history?
James Lind
What was the disease that James Lind studied in his controlled clinical trial?
Scurvy
Which century did James Lind conduct the first controlled clinical trial?
18th century
Which physician is often regarded as a pioneer in the development of clinical trials and evidence-based medicine?
James Lind
What is scurvy?
A deficiency disease
Which of the following is a category of cerebral hypoxia?
Diffuse cerebral hypoxia
After how many minutes without perfusion and oxygenation does irreversible brain damage occur?
3-5 minutes
Which of the following is a component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?
Post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction
Which basic brain functions continue in a person with persistent vegetative state (PVS)?
Breathing spontaneously and Maintaining the heartbeat and blood pressure
How does the chance of successful restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) change with each minute following sudden cardiac arrest?
10%
Before starting CPR, what should you check?
All of the above
Which of the following is the proposed breathing-to-compressions ratio during CPR?
2:30
Which of the following is NOT a category of cerebral hypoxia?
Cerebral infarction
Which of the following is NOT a component of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS)?
Persistent vegetative state
What is the proposed breathing-to-compressions ratio during CPR?
2:30
Test your knowledge of the digestive system and gastroenterology with this quiz! Learn about the phases of digestion, the role of the mouth in digestion, and the order of organs involved in the digestive process. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about this important bodily system.
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