Animal Physiology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of incisors in animals?

Grinding food

Tearing food

Cushing food

Biting food (correct)

The chemical digestion in the mouth only involves the mechanical action of teeth and tongue.

False

What is the term for the material that is regurgitated and chewed again in ruminant animals?

cud

Saliva plays a secondary role by acting as a _____ to soften food for swallowing.

lubricant Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parts of the ruminant digestive system with their functions:

Rumen = Houses microorganisms for cellulose digestion Reticulum = Regurgitates partially digested food Omasum = Passes food to the next chamber Abomasum = Functions similarly to a monogastric stomach Signup and view all the answers

What substance is secreted by monogastric animals to break down starch?

Amylase Signup and view all the answers

Bloat in cattle is caused by a rumen pH falling below 7.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the cure for bloat in cattle?

Antacid solution or surgical intervention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Reabsorption of water and passing waste Signup and view all the answers

The abomasum is known as the real stomach in ruminants.

True Signup and view all the answers

What process allows food to move through the small intestine?

peristalsis Signup and view all the answers

Chickens have a storage organ called the ______ for food.

crop Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals has a fully functioning ruminant system from birth?

Calves Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the digestive system with their descriptions:

Rumen = Houses microorganisms for digestion Gizzard = Grinds down food mechanically Duodenum = First section of the small intestine Liver = Regulates glucose and detoxifies substances Signup and view all the answers

Monogastric animals can digest cellulose efficiently.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are bile and pancreatic juices secreted into?

small intestine Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ingestion

The process of taking food into the body, beginning in the mouth.
Mechanical digestion through teeth and tongue.
Chemical breakdown by saliva, containing enzymes like amylase.
Amylase breaks down starch into maltose.
Saliva lubricates food, aiding swallowing.

Dental Formulas

Incisors are used for biting.
Canines are used for tearing.
Premolars are used for grinding.
Molars are used for crushing.

Monogastric Digestion

Characterized by a single stomach, like humans and pigs.
Amylase is secreted in the mouth to begin starch digestion.
Food forms a bolus and is passed into the esophagus.
Peristalsis, wave-like muscular contractions, moves food through the digestive tract.

Ruminant Digestion

Occurs in animals like cattle and sheep, possessing a four-chamber stomach.
Chambers: Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, and Abomasum.
Rumen is the first chamber, containing microorganisms that break down cellulose.
Cellulose is the tough material found in grasses.
Rumen has a pH of 7, with carbon dioxide and methane gas produced.
Bloat can occur if gas buildup is trapped due to a pH drop below 5, often caused by white clover ingestion.
Bloat is treated with antacids or an incision in the abdomen to release gas.

Symbiosis in Ruminants

A relationship where both organisms benefit.
Bacteria in the rumen digest cellulose, providing glucose and vitamins for the cow.
The cow provides a habitat and nutrients for the bacteria.

Reticulum

The second chamber, responsible for regurgitating partially digested food (cud) back to the mouth for further chewing.

Omasum

The third chamber, where water and liquid are reabsorbed from the food.

Abomasum

The fourth chamber, often referred to as the true stomach.
Responsible for breaking down proteins and completing the digestion process.

Small Intestine

Composed of the duodenum and ileum.
Peristalsis continues to move food through.
The duodenum connects the stomach to the ileum.
The ileum is where most nutrient absorption takes place.
Bile and pancreatic juices are secreted into the small intestine to aid digestion.

Large Intestine

Consists of the caecum and colon.
Primarily responsible for water reabsorption and waste passage to the anus.

Young Ruminants

Do not have a fully developed rumen at birth.
Milk is directly transferred to the abomasum for digestion.
As they mature, microorganisms develop in the rumen.
The rumen and reticulum take around six weeks to fully develop.

Monogastric Animals

Possess only one stomach, lacking a rumen.
Unable to digest cellulose.

The Liver in Monogastric Animals

A vital organ with multiple functions:
Stores glucose as glycogen.
Breaks down glycogen into glucose when energy levels are low.
Stores vitamins and minerals.
Detoxes harmful substances like ammonia, converting it to urea.
Recycles red blood cells, using their pigments in bile production.
Regulates temperature by producing heat and warming blood.

Chicken Digestion

Chickens lack teeth, but have a beak adapted for specific feeding.
Food passes from the esophagus to the stomach.
Chickens swallow grit, which is stored in the gizzard to mechanically grind food.
They also have a crop, which stores food for later consumption.
The stomach is divided into the proventriculus and the gizzard.
Chickens do not have a separate urinary tract, passing both urine and feces together.

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Description

Explore the intricate processes of ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion, and the distinct roles of various teeth in breaking down food. This quiz covers both monogastric and ruminant digestion, highlighting the unique digestive systems of different species.