Digestive Enzymes and Their Functions

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What is the primary site of action for salivary amylase?

Stomach

Pancreas

Small intestine

Mouth (correct)

Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of lactose?

Lactase (correct)

Pepsin

Maltase

Trypsin

What is the optimum pH level for activity of pancreatic amylase?

Basic (correct)

Variable

Neutral

Acidic

Which enzyme is produced by the gastric glands and functions in the stomach?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

What does maltase break down?

Maltose to glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes digests proteins in the small intestine?

Trypsin Signup and view all the answers

Nucleases are responsible for the digestion of which type of molecule?

Nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What layer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains loose connective tissue and blood vessels?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle layer of the stomach is responsible for mechanical digestion?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pyloric sphincter in the digestive process?

Controls the release of chyme Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is not absorbed by the stomach?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of gastric juice in the stomach?

To kill bacteria and digest proteins Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from chyme entering the esophagus?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the small intestine does the pancreas secrete digestive enzymes?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of gastric juice?

Mucus Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH level of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?

Strongly acidic (pH 2) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tendons in the body?

Connect muscle to bone Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the skeleton is primarily associated with protection of the brain?

Skull Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abnormal spinal curvature is characterized by an excessive outward curve, leading to a 'hunchback' appearance?

Kyphosis Signup and view all the answers

How many bones make up the adult human skull?

22 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vertebral column?

Protect the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal sideways curvature of the spine?

Scoliosis Signup and view all the answers

Which vertebrae provide more strength for maintaining an upright posture?

Lumbar vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the hole in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to pass through?

Foramen magnum Signup and view all the answers

What primarily composes the myocardium of the heart?

Cardiac muscle tissue Signup and view all the answers

At what age do the membranous fontanels in newborns usually close?

16 months Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericardium surrounding the heart?

To secrete fluid for lubrication Signup and view all the answers

Which valves are classified as atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Bicuspid and tricuspid valves Signup and view all the answers

How do coronary arteries function in relation to the myocardium?

They supply blood to the myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when there is blockage in the coronary arteries?

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) Signup and view all the answers

What is a thrombus?

A stationary clot. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a stroke?

A cranial artery is blocked or bursts. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can precede a myocardial infarction?

Pain in the chest from a partially blocked artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is angioplasty used for?

To insert a stent in a clogged artery. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option uses a patient's own vein for a procedure?

Coronary bypass operation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary symptom of a stroke?

Numbness of hands or face. Signup and view all the answers

What does thromboembolism refer to?

An embolus that becomes lodged in a blood vessel. Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment can help repair a damaged heart using a specific therapy?

Injection of stem cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD)?

To assist the heart in pumping blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of maltase in the digestive process?

To break down maltose into glucose molecules Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is produced by the pancreas and plays a key role in fat digestion?

Lipase Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the digestive system does pepsin primarily function?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What type of enzyme is lactase and what does it digest?

A sugar digesting enzyme that breaks down lactose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is responsible for the breakdown of nucleic acids?

Nuclease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gastrointestinal tract?

To hydrolyze macromolecules found in food Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the digestive tract wall is responsible for producing mucus and digestive enzymes?

Mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What describes the role of peristalsis in the digestive system?

The contraction of smooth muscles to move food through the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of stages in the digestive process?

Ingestion, Digestion, Movement, Absorption, Elimination Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the large intestine in digestion?

To absorb water and remove indigestible wastes Signup and view all the answers