36 Questions
What is the main function of mastication in the oral cavity?
To mix food with saliva
What is the term for the process of contraction and relaxation of the oesophagus to move the bolus down?
Peristalsis
What percentage of ingested starch is hydrolysed to disaccharide maltose in the oral cavity?
30%
What is the main component of saliva that holds the chewed food together and forms the bolus?
Mucins
Which of the following is NOT broken down in the oral cavity?
Proteins
What is the term for the process of swallowing that allows the bolus to pass from the mouth to the pharynx and into the oesophagus?
Deglutition
What percentage of carbohydrates are digested into monosaccharides in the mouth?
30%
What is the process by which absorbed substances reach tissues in the body?
Assimilation
What is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C?
1 calorie
What is the role of bile salts in the digestion of fats?
Emulsifying water-insoluble fats
What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down nucleic acids into nucleotides and nucleosides?
Nuclease
What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?
Monosaccharides
What is the main function of salivary amylase?
Converts starch to glucose
What is the role of oxyntic cells in the gastric glands?
Secrete HCl that provides acidic environment
What is the main function of mechanical digestion?
Reduction in size of food particles
What is the role of lipases in digestion?
Breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol
What is the function of chief cells in the gastric glands?
Secrete pepsinogen that helps in the digestion of proteins
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion reduces the size of food particles, while chemical digestion involves the breakdown of complex substances into simpler substances
What is the primary function of Brunner's glands in the duodenum?
To synthesise and secrete nonenzymatic alkaline secretion
Which type of cells in the intestinal glands are responsible for producing hormones?
Enteroendocrine cells
What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the alimentary canal?
To reduce the size of food particles
What is the primary function of the tongue in the oral cavity during digestion?
Mixing food with saliva to form the bolus
Which of the following statements about chemical digestion is true?
It involves the breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler ones
What is the primary component of the bolus that helps in its passage through the oesophagus?
Saliva
What is the primary function of mucus in the intestinal glands?
To protect the intestinal wall from the effects of digestion
What is the term for the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces in the oral cavity?
Mastication
What is the type of molecule that carbohydrates are broken down into during chemical digestion in the oral cavity?
Monosaccharides
Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrases
What is the percentage of ingested starch that is broken down into simpler forms during chemical digestion in the oral cavity?
30%
What is the role of salivary amylase in the oral cavity during digestion?
Breaking down carbohydrates into simpler forms
What is the primary function of bile in the digestion of fats?
It emulsifies fats and activates lipases
What is the primary component of the pancreatic juice responsible for breaking down nucleic acids?
Nucleases
What is the term for the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones in the digestive system?
Chemical digestion
What is the primary function of the intestinal juice in the small intestine?
It facilitates the digestion of lipids
What is the primary function of the pancreatic amylase in the small intestine?
It breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides
What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the digestive system?
It mixes food with digestive enzymes
Test your understanding of the digestion process in the oral cavity, including mechanical digestion, mastication, and deglutition. Learn how food is broken down into smaller pieces and mixed with saliva to form a bolus.
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