Digestion and Absorption

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What is the main function of mastication in the oral cavity?

To break down carbohydrates into simpler forms

To produce enzymes like salivary amylase

To move the bolus down the oesophagus

To mix food with saliva (correct)

What is the term for the process of contraction and relaxation of the oesophagus to move the bolus down?

Deglutition

Mastication

Chemical digestion

Peristalsis (correct)

What percentage of ingested starch is hydrolysed to disaccharide maltose in the oral cavity?

50%

20%

30% (correct)

40%

What is the main component of saliva that holds the chewed food together and forms the bolus?

Mucins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT broken down in the oral cavity?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of swallowing that allows the bolus to pass from the mouth to the pharynx and into the oesophagus?

Deglutition Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of carbohydrates are digested into monosaccharides in the mouth?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which absorbed substances reach tissues in the body?

Assimilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1°C?

1 calorie Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bile salts in the digestion of fats?

Emulsifying water-insoluble fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme responsible for breaking down nucleic acids into nucleotides and nucleosides?

Nuclease Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of salivary amylase?

Converts starch to glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxyntic cells in the gastric glands?

Secrete HCl that provides acidic environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mechanical digestion?

Reduction in size of food particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of lipases in digestion?

Breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chief cells in the gastric glands?

Secrete pepsinogen that helps in the digestion of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

Mechanical digestion reduces the size of food particles, while chemical digestion involves the breakdown of complex substances into simpler substances Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Brunner's glands in the duodenum?

To synthesise and secrete nonenzymatic alkaline secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in the intestinal glands are responsible for producing hormones?

Enteroendocrine cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the alimentary canal?

To reduce the size of food particles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tongue in the oral cavity during digestion?

Mixing food with saliva to form the bolus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about chemical digestion is true?

It involves the breakdown of complex nutrients into simpler ones Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the bolus that helps in its passage through the oesophagus?

Saliva Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mucus in the intestinal glands?

To protect the intestinal wall from the effects of digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down food into smaller pieces in the oral cavity?

Mastication Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of molecule that carbohydrates are broken down into during chemical digestion in the oral cavity?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates?

Carbohydrases Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of ingested starch that is broken down into simpler forms during chemical digestion in the oral cavity?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of salivary amylase in the oral cavity during digestion?

Breaking down carbohydrates into simpler forms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bile in the digestion of fats?

It emulsifies fats and activates lipases Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the pancreatic juice responsible for breaking down nucleic acids?

Nucleases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones in the digestive system?

Chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the intestinal juice in the small intestine?

It facilitates the digestion of lipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pancreatic amylase in the small intestine?

It breaks down carbohydrates into monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mechanical digestion in the digestive system?

It mixes food with digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers