Digestion Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the process that breaks down food?

Respiration

Digestion (correct)

Circulation

Photosynthesis

What are the two types of digestion?

intracellular and extracellular

What is intracellular digestion?

Within the cell, enzymes break down food into small molecules.

What is extracellular digestion?

Outside of the cell, enzymes are secreted into a digestive cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of animal digestive systems?

Incomplete digestive system and complete digestive system. Signup and view all the answers

What is an incomplete digestive system?

A digestive system with one opening. Signup and view all the answers

What is a complete digestive system?

A digestive system with two openings, mouth and anus. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two parts of digestion?

Physical and chemical. Signup and view all the answers

What is physical digestion?

The process of breaking large pieces into smaller ones, also known as mechanical digestion. Signup and view all the answers

What is chemical digestion?

The breaking down of complex molecules into smaller ones. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the mouth during digestion?

Ingestion of food and beginning of carbohydrate digestion. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the esophagus?

A tube that contracts to push food to the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epiglottis?

To cover the trachea or airway. Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the stomach?

Food is broken down into a paste-like consistency. Signup and view all the answers

What does the pancreas produce?

Pancreatic juice to make the small intestine basic and release enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the liver in digestion?

Produces and releases bile to emulsify lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gall bladder?

Stores bile. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the small intestine?

Nutrient absorption of digestive end products into the blood. Signup and view all the answers

Where does most water absorption occur?

Large intestine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the major site for absorption of water in humans?

Large intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Why do adult humans produce feces with low water content?

Due to the activities of the large intestine. Signup and view all the answers

In which organ does most absorption of digestive products occur?

Small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

After a person's stomach was surgically removed, where would the chemical digestion of protein begin?

Small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are released into the small intestine to aid in digestion?

Bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice. Signup and view all the answers

What would be a major disadvantage of having a small intestine the same shape as the stomach?

Absorptive surface area would be decreased. Signup and view all the answers

In which organ does the chemical digestion of protein usually begin?

Stomach. Signup and view all the answers

In which organ does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates begin?

Oral cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What statement matches the food being swallowed down the esophagus?

It transports nutrients within the digestive tract. Signup and view all the answers

What process represents fat globules being converted to fat droplets?

Emulsification. Signup and view all the answers

Which process in humans would be affected if peristalsis were to stop?

The movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzymes speed up the hydrolysis of fats?

Lipases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Digestion Overview

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into usable forms.
Types of digestion include intracellular (within cells) and extracellular (outside cells).

Types of Digestion

Intracellular digestion: Occurs inside the cell; enzymes break down food into small molecules (e.g., plants).
Extracellular digestion: Takes place outside the cell with enzymes secreted into a digestive cavity (e.g., animals).

Digestive Systems in Animals

Animals possess two digestive systems:
- Incomplete digestive system: Features a single opening (e.g., starfish).
- Complete digestive system: Contains two openings (mouth and anus) (e.g., earthworm).

Digestion Process Parts

Digestion comprises two parts:
- Physical digestion: Breaking down large pieces into smaller ones (mechanical process) (e.g., gizzards in earthworms and birds).
- Chemical digestion: Involves breaking complex molecules into smaller units (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins).

Digestive Organs and Functions

Mouth: Initiates food ingestion and physical digestion; begins carbohydrate digestion using salivary amylase.
Esophagus: A muscular tube that uses peristalsis to transport food to the stomach.
Epiglottis: A flap that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the airway.
Stomach:
- Breaks down food into a paste (chyme).
- Contains hydrochloric acid (pH ~2) and produces gastrin for acid stimulation.
- Secretes pepsin for protein digestion and has a mucus lining for protection.
Pancreas:
- Produces pancreatic juice to regulate intestinal pH (~8).
- Releases enzymes, including amylase (carbohydrates), trypsin (proteins), and lipase (lipids), into the small intestine.
Liver: Produces and releases bile, which emulsifies fats for easier digestion.
Gall Bladder: Stores bile; may develop gallstones.

Small and Large Intestine Functions

Small intestine:
- Main site for nutrient absorption through villi.
- Maintains a basic environment (pH ~8).
- Produces secretin to stimulate pancreatic juice secretion.
Large intestine:
- Primarily absorbs water and forms waste for egestion.

Absorption and Digestion Details

Most water absorption occurs in the large intestine.
The large intestine is crucial for maintaining low water content in feces.
Small intestine is the main site for absorbing digestive end products into the bloodstream.
If the stomach is surgically removed, protein digestion would begin in the small intestine.
Substances aiding digestion in the small intestine include bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice.

Miscellaneous Concepts

Peristalsis is essential for moving food through the gastrointestinal tract; its cessation affects digestion.
Enzymes that hydrolyze fats are called lipases.
Emulsification is the process converting fat globules into smaller fat droplets, enhancing digestion.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the process of digestion with these flashcards. Learn about the two types of digestion, intracellular and extracellular, and their definitions. Perfect for students looking to grasp the fundamentals of digestion.