Questions and Answers
What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?
Mechanical digestion involves physically breaking the food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion involves breaking down the food into simpler nutrients that can be used by the cells.
List the main structures of the gastrointestinal tract.
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
List the accessory organs of the digestive system.
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
What is the job of the stomach?
Signup and view all the answers
When people have 'acid reflux disease', what sphincter isn't working just right, and what is the result?
Signup and view all the answers
What hormone is secreted by the stomach when food stimulates stretch receptors and changes in pH?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the components of gastric juice.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main action of HCl in the stomach?
Signup and view all the answers
Are nutrients absorbed in the stomach?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does most of the absorption of nutrients take place?
Signup and view all the answers
While short chain fatty acids diffuse into the blood capillaries of a villus in the small intestine, large globules of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol enter the lacteals and enter the bloodstream via the ____.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main job of the large intestine? What is absorbed there?
Signup and view all the answers
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which contains mostly what kind of substances?
Signup and view all the answers
To where and how does the pancreas deliver pancreatic juice?
Signup and view all the answers
The liver performs many vital functions. What is its main function in digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
What three vessels make up the portal triad of the liver?
Signup and view all the answers
Bile is produced in the ____ and temporarily stored in the ____________.
Signup and view all the answers
What is bile and what is its main function in digestion?
Signup and view all the answers
To where and how is the bile delivered?
Signup and view all the answers
What vitamins are produced in the large intestine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is mass peristalsis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Digestion Overview
- Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaks food into smaller pieces, starting in the mouth through chewing.
- Chemical Digestion: Breaks food down into simpler nutrients, beginning in the mouth with saliva mixing.
Gastrointestinal Tract Structures
- Main structures include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
Accessory Organs of Digestion
- Include teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Stomach Functions
- Connects esophagus to the duodenum; acts as a mixing chamber and holding reservoir.
- Forces small quantities into the small intestine; accommodates large food volumes.
- Digests starch, triglycerides, and begins protein digestion, converting bolus to liquid state.
Acid Reflux Disease
- Caused by malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter, allowing acids to backflow into the esophagus, causing heartburn.
Gastrin Hormone
- Secreted by the stomach in response to food, stretch receptors, and pH changes.
Components of Gastric Juice
- Consists of water, electrolytes, hydrochloric acid (HCl), enzymes, mucus, and intrinsic factor.
Role of Hydrochloric Acid
- Converts pepsinogen into pepsin, aiding in protein digestion.
Nutrient Absorption in the Stomach
- Primarily a storage organ; no significant nutrient absorption occurs here.
Nutrient Absorption Location
- Most nutrient absorption takes place in the duodenum of the small intestine.
Fatty Acid Absorption
- Short-chain fatty acids diffuse into blood capillaries; larger molecules enter lacteals, then the bloodstream via lymphatic capillaries.
Function of the Large Intestine
- Primarily responsible for the absorption of water.
Pancreatic Juice Composition
- Mostly composed of water, secreted by the pancreas.
Delivery of Pancreatic Juice
- Delivered to the small intestine through ducts such as the Accessory and Hepatopancreatic Ampulla.
Main Function of the Liver in Digestion
- Processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine; bile produced aids in fat digestion.
Portal Triad of the Liver
- Composed of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.
Bile Production and Storage
- Produced in the liver and temporarily stored in the gallbladder.
Bile Overview
- A yellowish-green liquid containing water, bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile pigments, and ions; crucial for fat digestion and absorption.
Bile Delivery Method
- Secreted into the small intestine by hepatocytes.
Vitamins Produced in the Large Intestine
- Vitamins K and B are synthesized here.
Mass Peristalsis
- Refers to a strong peristaltic wave originating in the transverse colon, driving contents into the rectum.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key concepts of digestion with these flashcards. Learn the differences between mechanical and chemical digestion and identify structures of the gastrointestinal tract. Perfect for students looking to master the essentials of digestive processes.