Digestion and Cellular Respiration Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the liver in the delivery of nutrients?

  • To store nutrients for future use
  • To absorb nutrients from the bloodstream
  • To detoxify and distribute nutrients to the body (correct)
  • To break down large lipids and fat-soluble vitamins

    • What type of vitamins are not absorbed directly into the bloodstream?

  • Fat-soluble vitamins (correct)
  • Mineral-rich vitamins
  • Protein-bound vitamins
  • Water-soluble vitamins

    • What is the definition of metabolism?

  • The sum of chemical reactions that occur in the body (correct)
  • The synthesis of nutrients from smaller molecules
  • The process of detoxifying the body
  • The breakdown of nutrients to release energy

    • What is the primary energy currency of the body?

    <p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in glucose metabolism?

    <p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced during aerobic conditions in pyruvate catabolism?

    <p>Acetyl CoA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the Citric Acid Cycle?

    <p>CO2, water, and GTP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?

    <p>To generate ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final destination of the protons in the electron transport chain?

    <p>ATP synthase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main functional unit of the small intestine?

    <p>Villus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine?

    <p>Pancreas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the collective term for the cell surface extensions on the villi?

    <p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure neutralizes chyme in the small intestine?

    <p>Bicarbonate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do nutrient subunits typically enter after being absorbed into the villus?

    <p>Blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do the liver and gallbladder perform in the digestive process?

    <p>Production of bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT contained in pancreatic juice?

    <p>Chyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an invagination of the small intestine wall?

    <p>Villus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of digestion uses physical processes such as chewing to break down food?

    <p>Mechanical digestion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of enzymes in digestion?

    <p>Speed up the rate of reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance in gastric juice is responsible for breaking down lipids in the stomach?

    <p>Gastric lipase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the digestive tract does food remain as a temporary reservoir for 4-5 hours?

    <p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure directs food from the pharynx into the esophagus instead of the trachea?

    <p>Epiglottis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What digestive secretion contains hydrochloric acid, which unravels proteins and activates pepsinogen?

    <p>Gastric juice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is the primary site of digestion and absorption?

    <p>Duodenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which digestive structure secretes saliva that contains salivary amylase, lingual lipase, and mucus?

    <p>Mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of bile in the digestive process?

    <p>To emulsify fats and lipids into smaller globules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine is the main site for packaging unabsorbed material for removal?

    <p>The colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the microbiota in the large intestine play in vitamin synthesis?

    <p>The microbiota synthesize vitamin B12, B2, and K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between probiotics and prebiotics?

    <p>Probiotics are cultures of living organisms, while prebiotics are carbohydrates that act as food for microbiota (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers?

    <p>Infection with H. pylori (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the microbiota in the digestive tract?

    <p>To aid in digestion and nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the large intestine in digestion?

    <p>Fermentation of unabsorbed carbohydrates by the microbiota (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between probiotics and prebiotics in terms of their effect on the microbiome?

    <p>Probiotics introduce new organisms to the microbiome, while prebiotics support the growth of existing organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

    <p>Weakened lower esophageal sphincter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common symptom of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Abdominal pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors increase the risk of developing diverticulitis?

    <p>Age, obesity, smoking, and low fiber diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of high-risk diet is linked to gallstones?

    <p>High in simple sugars and saturated fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?

    <p>Physical inactivity, obesity, and high red and processed meat consumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health condition increases the risk of constipation?

    <p>Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical cause of diarrhea?

    <p>Bacterial and viral infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between diverticulitis and diverticulosis?

    <p>Diverticulitis is the inflammation of diverticula, while diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the liver in delivering nutrients to the body?

    <p>To store and distribute nutrients to the rest of the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of anabolism?

    <p>Formation of larger molecules from smaller ones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic conditions in pyruvate catabolism?

    <p>Presence or absence of oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the electron transport chain take place in the cell?

    <p>Mitochondrial membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of the breakdown of glucose in anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Pyruvate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

    <p>To capture energy in ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net result of the catabolism of energy-yielding nutrients?

    <p>Release of energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the Citric Acid Cycle, besides energy?

    <p>CO2 and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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