30 Questions
What is the primary function of secretin in the digestion process?
Neutralizing the acidic chyme from the stomach
What is the main enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing α-1,4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharide chains in the mouth?
Salivary amylase
What is the primary stimulus for the release of secretin and cholecystokinin?
Entry of acidic contents of the stomach into the duodenum
What is the end product of polysaccharide digestion in the small intestine?
Maltose, isomaltose, and limit dextrin
What is the primary function of cholecystokinin in the digestion process?
Stimulating the production of digestive enzymes in the pancreas
What is the primary source of carbohydrates in the human diet?
Polysaccharides (starch and glycogen)
What triggers the secretion of hormones such as cholecystokinin and secretin?
Entry of acidic contents from the stomach into the intestine
Which of the following enzymes hydrolyses peptide bonds involving the carboxyl group of aromatic amino acids?
Chymotrypsin
What is the energy source required for the absorption of amino acids?
ATP
What is the function of enteropeptidase (enterokinase) in the digestion of proteins?
To convert pro-enzyme forms of endopeptidases into active forms
Which of the following enzymes is a component of pancreatic juice and hydrolyses the first peptide bond from the free carboxyl end?
Carboxypeptidase
What is the role of cholecystokinin in the digestion of proteins?
To stimulate the secretion of pancreatic endo and exopeptidases
What is the primary role of bile salts in lipid digestion?
To emulsify lipids and facilitate hydrolysis
In which pH environment are gastric lipase and lingual lipase active?
Neutral pH
What is the primary function of secretin in lipid digestion?
To release a bicarbonate-rich solution that neutralizes acidic chyme
What is the fate of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in the digestive process?
They are absorbed via mucosal cells and enter the portal vein
What is the effect of cholecystokinin on gastric motility?
It decreases gastric motility, resulting in a slow release of gastric contents
What is the primary function of lipase in lipid digestion?
To hydrolyze lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What is the primary function of pancreatic phospholipase-A2 in the digestion of dietary glycerophospholipids?
Hydrolysis of fatty acid residues at the 2nd position of the glycerophospholipid
What is the primary route of transportation for fatty acids with less than 10 carbon atoms and glycerol?
Portal blood
What is the primary function of bile salts in the digestion of lipids?
Formation of mixed micelles with lipids
What is the term for the process by which bile salts are reabsorbed in the intestine and returned to the liver for re-secretion into the bile?
Enterohepatic circulation
What is the primary function of intestinal lipase in the digestion of lipids?
Hydrolysis of 1-monoacylglycerol
What is the primary fate of 2-monoacylglycerol in the intestinal mucosal cells?
Reconversion into triglyceride
What is the primary function of thiokinase enzyme in the intestinal mucosal cell?
To activate fatty acids for the re-synthesis of triacylglycerol
What is the form in which triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester are transported from the mucosal cells into the lymph?
Chylomicron
What is the primary fate of absorbed lipids in the body?
They are oxidized mainly in the liver
What is the primary function of lipase in the body?
To hydrolyse triacylglycerol into glycerol and fatty acids
What is the primary site of absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?
Ileum
What is the primary factor that influences the absorption of cations such as Ca2+ in the intestines?
All of the above
Test your knowledge on the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Learn about the enzymes involved in the gastrointestinal tract and their roles in breaking down complex compounds. This quiz is based on the course material from Professor Shivananda Nayak at the University of the West Indies.
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