Digestion
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of secretin in the digestion process?

  • Regulating the release of bile from the gallbladder
  • Stimulating the production of digestive enzymes in the pancreas
  • Neutralizing the acidic chyme from the stomach (correct)
  • Hydrolyzing terminal α-1,4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharide chains

    • What is the main enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing α-1,4-glycosidic linkages of polysaccharide chains in the mouth?

  • Pancreatic amylase
  • Salivary amylase (correct)
  • Cholecystokinin
  • Intestinal enzymes

    • What is the primary stimulus for the release of secretin and cholecystokinin?

  • Entry of acidic contents of the stomach into the duodenum (correct)
  • Entry of food into the stomach
  • Hydrolysis of proteins in the small intestine
  • Release of bile from the gallbladder

    • What is the end product of polysaccharide digestion in the small intestine?

    <p>Maltose, isomaltose, and limit dextrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholecystokinin in the digestion process?

    <p>Stimulating the production of digestive enzymes in the pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of carbohydrates in the human diet?

    <p>Polysaccharides (starch and glycogen)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the secretion of hormones such as cholecystokinin and secretin?

    <p>Entry of acidic contents from the stomach into the intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes hydrolyses peptide bonds involving the carboxyl group of aromatic amino acids?

    <p>Chymotrypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source required for the absorption of amino acids?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of enteropeptidase (enterokinase) in the digestion of proteins?

    <p>To convert pro-enzyme forms of endopeptidases into active forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is a component of pancreatic juice and hydrolyses the first peptide bond from the free carboxyl end?

    <p>Carboxypeptidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholecystokinin in the digestion of proteins?

    <p>To stimulate the secretion of pancreatic endo and exopeptidases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

    <p>To emulsify lipids and facilitate hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which pH environment are gastric lipase and lingual lipase active?

    <p>Neutral pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of secretin in lipid digestion?

    <p>To release a bicarbonate-rich solution that neutralizes acidic chyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of short- and medium-chain fatty acids in the digestive process?

    <p>They are absorbed via mucosal cells and enter the portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cholecystokinin on gastric motility?

    <p>It decreases gastric motility, resulting in a slow release of gastric contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipase in lipid digestion?

    <p>To hydrolyze lipids into fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of pancreatic phospholipase-A2 in the digestion of dietary glycerophospholipids?

    <p>Hydrolysis of fatty acid residues at the 2nd position of the glycerophospholipid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of transportation for fatty acids with less than 10 carbon atoms and glycerol?

    <p>Portal blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bile salts in the digestion of lipids?

    <p>Formation of mixed micelles with lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which bile salts are reabsorbed in the intestine and returned to the liver for re-secretion into the bile?

    <p>Enterohepatic circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intestinal lipase in the digestion of lipids?

    <p>Hydrolysis of 1-monoacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of 2-monoacylglycerol in the intestinal mucosal cells?

    <p>Reconversion into triglyceride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thiokinase enzyme in the intestinal mucosal cell?

    <p>To activate fatty acids for the re-synthesis of triacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form in which triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and cholesterol ester are transported from the mucosal cells into the lymph?

    <p>Chylomicron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fate of absorbed lipids in the body?

    <p>They are oxidized mainly in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lipase in the body?

    <p>To hydrolyse triacylglycerol into glycerol and fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of absorption of fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine?

    <p>Ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the absorption of cations such as Ca2+ in the intestines?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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