25 Questions
What is the main difference between atmospheric air and alveolar air?
Atmospheric air has a higher partial pressure of oxygen, while alveolar air has a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide.
What are the three main components of the respiratory membrane?
Alveolar membrane, interstitial fluid, and capillary wall.
According to Fick's law, which of the following factors is directly proportional to the rate of gas diffusion?
The pressure gradient across the respiratory membrane.
What is the approximate thickness of the respiratory membrane?
0.6 micron
Which of the following factors is inversely proportional to the rate of gas diffusion according to Fick's law?
The thickness of the respiratory membrane.
What is the overall pressure of atmospheric air?
760 mmHg
Which of the following gases has the highest solubility in the respiratory membrane?
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following factors would increase the rate of gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?
Decreasing the solubility of the gas in the respiratory membrane.
What is the main cause of decreased gas exchange in emphysema?
Destruction of alveolar blood vessels
What is the relationship between the diffusion coefficients of CO2 and O2 across the respiratory membrane?
The diffusion coefficient of CO2 is 20 times greater than that of O2
What is the reason for the difference between the PO2 of blood leaving the alveolar capillaries and the PO2 in the systemic arteries?
Physiological shunt
Which of the following factors would most increase the diffusion of oxygen across the respiratory membrane?
Increase in the alveolar-capillary oxygen pressure gradient
What is the main cause of decreased gas exchange in bronchial asthma?
Less ventilation
What is the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the blood leaving the alveolar capillaries?
100 mmHg
What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood leaving the alveolar capillaries?
40 mmHg
Which of the following is a component of the respiratory membrane?
All of the above
What is the difference between atmospheric air and alveolar air?
Atmospheric air has a higher carbon dioxide content, while alveolar air has a higher oxygen content
According to the information provided, what is the primary factor that affects the diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane?
Pressure gradient of gases across the membrane (Henry's Law)
What happens to the surface area of the respiratory membrane during exercise?
It increases due to the opening of closed pulmonary capillaries and the dilatation of capillaries and alveoli.
Which of the following conditions would decrease gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?
Lung fibrosis, which changes the nature of the membrane
If the partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) in the alveolar air is 100 mmHg and the partial pressure of oxygen in the venous blood is 40 mmHg, in which direction will oxygen diffuse?
From alveolar air to venous blood
Which gas has a higher diffusion coefficient than oxygen, based on the information provided?
Helium
What is the primary factor that affects the rate of diffusion, according to the equation $\frac{1}{D} \propto \frac{d}{A}$?
The thickness of the respiratory membrane
Which condition would result in a high ventilation-perfusion ratio (V/Q), leading to decreased gas exchange?
Pulmonary thrombi or emboli
According to the information provided, which factor would NOT directly affect gas diffusion across the respiratory membrane?
Ambient temperature and humidity
Explore the concepts of atmospheric and alveolar air, components of the respiratory membrane, and factors affecting the diffusion of respiratory gases in this quiz. Learn about the composition of atmospheric and alveolar air, as well as the impact of partial pressure differences on gas exchange.
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