Differential Educational Achievement Overview

False (B)

The process by which pupils respond to streaming by moving towards pro-school or anti-school subcultures.

<p>labelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lacey = Differentiation and Polarisation Hargreaves = Found boys labeled as 'worthless louts' Ball = Streaming affects the presence of subcultures Hightown Boy’s Grammar = The context of Lacey's study</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progress has been made, but more is needed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of gender stereotypes from textbooks and learning materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radical</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminisation of education = Shift towards teaching styles favoring girls Male role models = Presence of male figures that inspire boys Laddish subcultures = Cultures that valorize anti-school attitudes among boys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has removed a barrier to girls' achievement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Feminisation of education</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elaborated code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parental attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fluent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restricted Code = Limited vocabulary, grammatically simple sentences Elaborated Code = Large vocabulary, grammatically complex sentences Middle Class = Typically uses elaborated code Working Class = Typically uses restricted code</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He overlooks diversity within social classes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less interest and ambition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal opportunities policies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved expectations and self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact/rise of Feminism = A social movement for equal rights for women Changes in women’s employment = Legal improvements providing better pay and opportunities Girls changing perceptions and ambitions = Increased aspirations for career success The Equal Pay Act = Legislation to ensure equal pay for equal work</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive role models within school (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Work, conduct, and appearance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sharpe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ideal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Becker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Becker = Judged pupils based on how they fit the 'ideal pupil' image Cicourel = Studied labelling by career counsellors Rist = Used home backgrounds for seating arrangements Gewirtz = Noted M/C families have greater choice in education</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ignores the wider structures of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pupils from a middle-class background (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A prediction that comes true because it has been made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>intelligent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-fulfilling prophecy = Expectation that causes its own fulfillment Pupil subculture = Group of pupils sharing similar behaviors Streaming = Grouping pupils based on ability Labeling = Assigning characteristics to a pupil based on appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It creates pressure that correlates with their labelled ability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of pupils who share similar values and behavior patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The idea that girls are socialized to be neat, tidy and patient. This socialization is often linked to traditional gender roles.

Removing gender stereotypes from textbooks, reading schemes, and other learning resources.

Boys' weaker performance in literacy and language skills compared to girls.

Traditional male-dominated jobs are declining, leading to a decline in male academic achievement.

The increased presence of female teachers and female-centric approaches in education.

Lack of male role models in education can lead to boys' lower achievement.

Groups of boys who engage in anti-school behavior, often associated with negative attitudes toward education.

Liberal feminists argue that removing gender stereotypes and promoting equal opportunities will continue to raise girls' achievement.

Language typically used by working-class people; characterized by limited vocabulary, short and simple sentences, and assumes a shared context.

Language typically used by middle-class people; characterized by a wide vocabulary, complex sentences, and doesn't assume shared knowledge.

The theory that middle-class language is superior to working-class language, and because working-class students are unfamiliar with the language of education (elaborated code), they struggle academically.

The belief that working-class parents' lack of interest in their children's education is due to their different values and priorities.

A criticism of CDT, arguing that the problem lies not in the child's language but in the school's negative attitude towards it.

Douglas's research highlighting the importance of parental attitudes, suggesting that working-class parents are less involved in their children's education.

The concept that working-class students are socialized into using restricted code, making them feel less confident and successful in the education system.

The assumption that all members of a social class share the same language and values, ignoring individual differences.

Parents who had hopes and ambitions for their children's education but lacked the necessary cultural capital to navigate the education system effectively.

The process of assigning meanings or labels to individuals, often based on assumptions or stereotypes.

In the context of education, the characteristics that teachers perceive as ideal in a student, often based on their background and behavior.

A sociological perspective that emphasizes the role of social interactions and meanings in shaping individuals' perceptions and behavior.

A theory that suggests labels given to individuals can influence their behavior and self-identity.

A study that found teachers used students' backgrounds and appearances to group them in a kindergarten, leading to potential bias.

A study that revealed career counselors' advice was influenced by the labels they gave to students, affecting their educational opportunities.

The process of introducing market mechanisms into the education system, such as choice and competition, aiming to increase parental choice.

The process where teachers categorize students based on their perceived ability, attitude, or behavior.

The tendency of students to identify with either a pro-school or anti-school subculture in response to streaming and labeling.

A group of students who embrace the values of the school, tend to be high achievers, and typically come from middle-class backgrounds.

A group of students who reject the values of the school, often come from working-class backgrounds, and may underperform due to negative labeling.

A sociologist who studied streaming and found that removing streaming reduced the formation of student subcultures.

A prediction that becomes true simply because it was made.

A teacher's expectation about a student's ability can influence the student's actual performance.

A group of students who share similar values and behaviors.

Pupil subcultures often emerge as a response to being labelled or streamed, which can influence their achievement.

A process where students are grouped according to their perceived ability.

The process of streaming can contribute to a self-fulfilling prophecy, as students in lower streams may be given less attention and opportunities.

Teacher's actions and expectations reinforce a student's label, creating a cycle of self-fulfilling prophecy.

A social movement that aims for equal rights and opportunities for women in all aspects of society.

The increasing presence of women in professions and leadership roles previously dominated by men.

Changes in women's work patterns and opportunities, including legal protections against discrimination and unfair pay.

The impact of feminism on girls' expectations and self-belief, leading to greater ambition for their future.

The effect of feminism on girls' educational success by raising their confidence and aspirations.

Policies and initiatives focused on providing equal opportunities for girls and boys in education.

The use of positive female role models in education to inspire and demonstrate the achievements of women.

Assessment methods, like coursework, that can make girls more confident and successful in education.