Differential Diagnosis of Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

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Which clinical sign is essential in differentiating between central and peripheral vestibular disorders?

Tinnitus
Dizziness
Nystagmus patterns (correct)
Hearing loss

What is the key advantage of the HINTS exam compared to imaging in patients presenting with acute vertigo?

The HINTS exam is less time-consuming
The HINTS exam is more specific for identifying acute stroke (correct)
The HINTS exam is more sensitive for identifying acute stroke
The HINTS exam is more cost-effective

In vestibular neuritis, which direction does the nystagmus beat towards?

Horizontally
Vertically
Towards the affected ear
Towards the unaffected ear (correct)

Which of the following is a key symptom of labyrinthitis?

Sudden onset of vertigo, nausea, and vomiting (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathology underlying acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)?

Slow-growing tumors derived from Schwann cells of the vestibulocochlear nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathology underlying a perilymphatic fistula?

An opening between the middle and inner ear (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is true?

Symptoms reoccur whenever moving in the plane of the involved semicircular canal. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathology underlying BPPV?

Otoconia become dislodged and enter the semicircular canals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a primary theory for the etiology of BPPV?

Vitamin D deficiency (B) Signup and view all the answers

In BPPV, the dislodged otoconia can either:

Float freely in the semicircular canal (canalithiasis) or adhere to the cupula (cupulolithiasis). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about BPPV is false?

BPPV is more likely to occur in younger adults. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of BPPV?

Vertigo (spinning dizziness) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of vestibular neuritis?

Sudden onset of vertigo, nausea, and nystagmus (B) Signup and view all the answers

In vestibular neuritis, the direction of the nystagmus is typically:

With the fast phase away from the affected ear (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Meniere's disease?

Episodic bouts of vertigo, tinnitus, and ear pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathology underlying Meniere's disease?

Swelling in the inner ear causing increased pressure (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a predisposing factor for vestibular disorders?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the later stages of Meniere's disease, what is observed between episodes?

Deficits may remain between episodes (B) Signup and view all the answers