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Questions and Answers
What is the primary medium through which criminal behavior is learned according to Differential Association Theory?
What is the primary medium through which criminal behavior is learned according to Differential Association Theory?
- Civic engagement
- Intimate personal interactions (correct)
- Formal education
- Mass media exposure
Which principle indicates that motives and drives are learned from definitions of legal codes?
Which principle indicates that motives and drives are learned from definitions of legal codes?
- The principle of personal groups
- The principle of motives/definitions (correct)
- The principle of communication
- The principle of interactions
According to Differential Association Theory, what contributes to an individual becoming delinquent?
According to Differential Association Theory, what contributes to an individual becoming delinquent?
- Lack of viable alternatives
- Definitions favorable to law violation (correct)
- Excess of negative societal influences
- Poor personal skills
What type of behavior does Differential Association Theory primarily focus on?
What type of behavior does Differential Association Theory primarily focus on?
Who is the founder of Differential Association Theory?
Who is the founder of Differential Association Theory?
What does the term 'differential association' imply in the context of learning criminal behavior?
What does the term 'differential association' imply in the context of learning criminal behavior?
What are the two main components learned when engaging in criminal behavior?
What are the two main components learned when engaging in criminal behavior?
What role does social organization play in Differential Association Theory?
What role does social organization play in Differential Association Theory?
Criminal behavior is learned solely through personal experiences.
Criminal behavior is learned solely through personal experiences.
A principal part of learning criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups.
A principal part of learning criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups.
Motives and drives for criminal behavior are learned from definitions that are deemed as 'unfavorable.'
Motives and drives for criminal behavior are learned from definitions that are deemed as 'unfavorable.'
Differential association theory suggests that delinquent values are not passed across generations.
Differential association theory suggests that delinquent values are not passed across generations.
Edwin H. Sutherland was a prominent figure in the field of sociology with significant contributions to criminology.
Edwin H. Sutherland was a prominent figure in the field of sociology with significant contributions to criminology.
Learning criminal behavior encompasses both crime commission techniques and the attitudes related to it.
Learning criminal behavior encompasses both crime commission techniques and the attitudes related to it.
According to differential association theory, an individual can become delinquent due to a shortage of definitions favorable to law violation.
According to differential association theory, an individual can become delinquent due to a shortage of definitions favorable to law violation.
The Chicago School tradition heavily influenced Sutherland's work on differential association theory.
The Chicago School tradition heavily influenced Sutherland's work on differential association theory.
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Study Notes
Edwin H. Sutherland
- Professor of Sociology at Indiana University
- Required all students to minor in criminal justice
- Founder of the Institute of Criminal Law & Criminology (1935)
- Influenced by the Chicago School tradition
- Focused on the area's social organization impacting individual associations, interactions, and behavior
- Delinquent values are passed across generations
Differential Association Theory
- Developed by Edwin H. Sutherland in 1947
- Introduced in the fourth edition of his book Principles of Criminology
- Nine principles outlining the theory:
- Criminal behavior is learned
- Criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others in a communication process
- Criminal behavior is primarily learned within intimate personal groups
- Learning criminal behavior includes:
- Techniques of crime commission
- Motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes
- Motives and drives are learned from definitions of legal codes as favorable or unfavorable
- A person becomes delinquent due to an excess of definitions favorable to law violation
- Differential association: The process of learning criminal behavior through interaction with others in intimate personal groups and incorporating techniques, motives, drives, attitudes, and definitions of legal codes.
Edwin Sutherland
- Born in 1883, died in 1950.
- Professor of Sociology at Indiana University.
- Required all his students to minor in criminal justice.
- Founded the Institute of Criminal Law & Criminology in 1935.
- Widely regarded as one of the most influential criminologists of the 20th century.
- Influenced by the Chicago School tradition.
- Believed that social organization (macro-level) affected individuals' associations, interactions, and behavior (micro-level).
- Argued that delinquent values are learned and passed down through generations.
Differential Association Theory
- Sutherland published his theory in the 4th edition of Principles of Criminology (1947).
- Sutherland's theory contains 9 principles or statements.
- Criminal behavior is learned.
- Criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others through communication.
- Learning criminal behavior primarily occurs in intimate personal groups.
- Learning criminal behavior includes learning techniques for committing crimes, as well as motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.
- People learn motives and drives from definitions of legal codes as favorable or unfavorable.
- People become delinquent because they have more definitions favorable to law violation.
Differential Association
- Criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others.
- Interaction primarily occurs within intimate personal groups.
- Learning includes:
- Crime commission techniques.
- Motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.
- Learning these behaviors depends on definitions of legal codes as favorable or unfavorable.
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