Synomie Theory Quiz and Flashcards in Criminology

Study Notes

Opportunity Theory

Developed by criminologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, merging Merton's strain theory with Sutherland's differential association theory.
Examines the gap between lower-class juveniles' desires and available means, emphasizing that individuals have varying levels of legitimate and illegitimate opportunities.
Greater discrepancies between desires and legal means lead to increased exposure to illegitimate means, such as drug dealing.

Routine Activities Theory

Crime occurs when three key elements overlap: a suitable target, a motivated offender, and the absence of guardianship.
A suitable target is often unprotected, making it an easy mark for crime.
Example: A motivated thief committing a crime near an unprotected target.

Demographic Theory

Highlights the correlation between baby booms and the growth of delinquent subcultures due to adolescent identity crises.

Deprivation Theory

As societal expectations rise, individuals at the bottom experience growing dissatisfaction with their situation while those at the top feel they are not progressing quickly enough.

Anomie and Synomie Theory

Anomie refers to a breakdown of social norms, while synomie denotes social cohesion based on shared values.
These theories suggest that modern lifestyles and progressive norms contribute to the erosion of traditional values that previously united people.

Policing in Multicultural Society

Requires cultural competence to understand and respect diverse backgrounds, improving police-community relations.
Addressing historical policing issues can enhance minority communities' access to law enforcement services.
Cultural awareness fosters better communication and understanding between police and diverse community members.

Understanding Cultural Differences

Law enforcement officers must appreciate different cultural values to improve community relations.
Cultural nuances can influence behaviors perceived as suspicious to outsiders but are lawful within specific cultures.
Training programs and community engagements help bridge gaps, build trust, and reduce biases in policing.

Community Policing Approach

Emphasizes collaboration between police and local communities for crime prevention and addressing public safety concerns.
Engaging community members as partners yields insights into cultural dynamics affecting safety.
Organizing events like neighborhood watches fosters dialogue and mutual respect among diverse groups, improving trust in law enforcement.

Language Access Services

Language barriers impede communication between law enforcement and non-English speaking individuals.
Providing language access services ensures all citizens can exercise their rights and engage with the criminal justice system effectively.

Absolute Monarchy

Monarchs claim authority based on the divine right of kings, asserting their power is God-given and not subject to limitation by subjects or institutions.
Countries with absolute monarchies include Brunei, Eswatini, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Vatican City, and the emirates of the UAE.

Limited or Constitutional Monarchy

A form of government where a monarch's authority is constrained by a constitution.
Examples of constitutional monarchies are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Japan.

Description

Explore the key concepts of Opportunity Theory developed by criminologists Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. This quiz delves into the integration of Merton's strain theory with Sutherland's differential association theory, focusing on the disparities faced by lower-class juveniles in achieving their desires. Test your understanding of the factors that influence legitimate and illegitimate opportunities.