Different Perspectives in Psychology

Study Notes

Overview of Psychological Perspectives

Five primary perspectives in psychology: Biological, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Behavioral, and Cognitive.

Biological Perspective

Focuses on the influence of the nervous system, hormones, and genetics on behavior.
Biopsychologists study the relationship between mental states and physical processes within the brain and body.
Examines how thoughts, emotions, and actions are shaped by biological factors.

Psychodynamic Perspective

Originated from Sigmund Freud's theories.
Emphasizes the role of unconscious drives and early childhood experiences in forming behaviors.
Conflicts can arise when societal restrictions clash with inherent urges.

Behavioral Perspective

Posits that behavior is largely shaped by external environmental factors.
Rejects the concept of free will; behaviorists like B.F. Skinner advocate for understanding behavior through rewards and punishments.
Focuses on behavioral conditioning as a method of learning.

Cognitive Perspective

Asserts that behavior is influenced by cognitive processes such as expectations and emotions.
Cognitive psychologists like Jean Piaget highlight that memory and problem-solving are affected by previous knowledge and experiences.
Emphasizes the role of mental processes in shaping behavior.

Humanistic Perspective

Argues that individuals are inherently good and driven to reach their full potential.
Emphasizes self-fulfillment and personal growth as central themes.
Carl Rogers, a key figure, referred to clients as such to promote a supportive environment for self-discovery and insight.

Description

Explore the five key perspectives in psychology, including biological, psychodynamic, humanistic, behavioral, and cognitive approaches. This quiz will help you understand how each perspective contributes to the understanding of human behavior.