Different Notions of Justice
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Questions and Answers

What underlying assumption challenged by a movement is related to the existing criminal justice system?

  • Punishment is effective in deterring crime.
  • Punishment of the offender is sufficient to restore justice. (correct)
  • Victim satisfaction is unnecessary in justice.
  • Restorative justice is the only solution.

    • What is a primary characteristic of restorative justice as described in the content?

  • It prioritizes punishment over reconciliation.
  • It focuses exclusively on the rights of the offender.
  • It completely avoids community involvement.
  • It treats offenses as conflicts to be resolved by affected parties. (correct)

    • Which psychological aspect is emphasized in understanding responses to transgressions?

  • Different notions of justice guiding individual responses. (correct)
  • The historical context of criminal laws.
  • The personal beliefs of legal professionals.
  • The financial cost of each intervention.

    • What is often observed regarding people's engagement in restorative justice practices?

    <p>Individuals exhibit differing preparedness to engage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what role do affected parties play in the restorative justice process?

    <p>They are central to the deliberative interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What relationship is highlighted in the content regarding different notions of justice?

    <p>They depend on how relationships with the offender are construed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does restorative justice address the feelings of those affected by the offense?

    <p>By allowing them to vent and present their side of the story.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of justice processes does the content suggest may vary among individuals?

    <p>The levels of satisfaction experienced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main distinction made between two types of punishment justifications?

    <p>Consequentialist and retributivist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a motive for behavioral control?

    <p>Compensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does retributive justice emphasize regarding an offender?

    <p>They must be punished in proportion to their wrongdoing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the approach that aims to reduce the reoccurrence of offenses?

    <p>Behavioral control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Empirical research indicates that the dominant motivation for calls for punishment is:

    <p>Justice restoration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is primarily linked with the punishment related to the severity of wrongdoing?

    <p>Just desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What form of violations can transgressions encompass?

    <p>Both serious and trivial violations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of restorative justice in the context of legal violations?

    <p>To restore a sense of justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily distinguishes retributive justice from restorative justice?

    <p>Retributive justice emphasizes punishment, while restorative justice emphasizes restoration and value consensus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects a scenario under restorative justice?

    <p>A victim is compensated for both material and emotional loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition might individuals find re-establishing distributive and procedural justice insufficient?

    <p>When blame is attributed to the transgressor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of restorative justice as it relates to victim experiences?

    <p>To acknowledge and balance the loss experienced by the victim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is harm typically evaluated in the context of restorative justice?

    <p>In monetary terms to reinstate equity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant component that can make retributive justice sufficient for victims?

    <p>Whether the punishment restores emotional satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which notion is closely associated with retributive justice?

    <p>The concept of just desert.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often required for victims when the material loss cannot be undone?

    <p>Compensation to replace the emotional loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the offender's re-endorsement of community values?

    <p>It helps restore a consensus about shared values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of justice focuses on dialogue and mutual respect between affected parties?

    <p>Restorative Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary aspect should be present for an apology to contribute effectively to restoring values?

    <p>It must be sincere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are status and power implications of a transgression theoretically differentiated?

    <p>They relate to symbolic meanings and group values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the relational model by Tyler et al. emphasize regarding transgressions?

    <p>The role of symbolic meaning and group values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of perceiving a transgression as lowering a victim's status?

    <p>It could reinforce social hierarchies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the content, what role do remorse and apology play in restoring community values?

    <p>They are central to validating shared values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does restorative justice primarily seek to address?

    <p>Reestablishment of consensus between parties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a value restoration notion of justice depend on?

    <p>Clear and consensual norms and values of an inclusive category.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might victims prefer restorative justice over retributive justice?

    <p>When they feel a strong sense of shared identity with the offender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically characterizes intergroup transgressions?

    <p>A lack of shared identification with a relevant inclusive group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do victims generally react when their values are violated?

    <p>They are motivated to reaffirm their values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is likely to happen when the norms and values of an inclusive category are regarded as diverse and in flux?

    <p>Increased support for alternative restorative forms of punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tends to elicit notions of retributive justice in victims?

    <p>The perception of negative interdependence in status and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What motivates victims in cases of intergroup transgressions?

    <p>A need to undo humiliation and regain power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do victims responding to a shared identity typically view transgressions?

    <p>As an illegitimate appropriation of status and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Different Notions of Justice

    • Philosophers generally distinguish between consequentialist and retributivist justifications for punishment.
    • Consequentialist justifications focus on controlling behavior (reducing reoccurrence of the offense through incapacitation, deterrence, or rehabilitation).
    • Retributivist justifications focus on restoring justice.
    • Research suggests justice restoration, not behavior control, is the dominant motivation for punishment.
    • Retributive justice focuses on punishment proportionate to the severity of the wrongdoing, to restore justice.
    • Restorative justice focuses on getting the affected parties involved in the process of restoring justice.
    • Restorative justice sees transgressions as conflicts and involves the offender, the victim, and their respective communities in conflict resolution.
    • Psychological research investigates whether different notions of justice guide responses to transgressions and the factors that determine people's justice notions.

    Restorative Justice

    • Restorative justice practices are put forward as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system.
    • Restorative justice emphasizes direct involvement of the affected parties in the justice process.
    • The goal is to restore a sense of justice through a renewed value consensus.
    • Restorative justice practices can be used in situations beyond the criminal domain.

    Restitution, Compensation, and Censure

    • Restorative justice aims to resolve transgressions that violate distributive norms.
    • Distributive norms are violated when there is a loss or harm that needs to be compensated.
    • Transgressions that violate procedural norms require a re-establishment of fairness and neutrality.
    • Restorative justice is particularly relevant when intention, gross negligence, and blame are attributed to the transgressor.
    • Restorative justice aims to repair harm and restore trust through various measures including apologies and restitution.

    Retributive and Restorative Justice Addressing Symbolic Implications

    • Retributive justice is about the imposition of punishment through adjudication or revenge.
    • Restorative justice is about renewing value consensus.
    • When transgression is perceived as a violation of shared values, restorative justice aims to re-establish a consensus about those values.
    • Offenders' remorse and apology can contribute to the validation of those values and contribute to the reestablishment of consensus.
    • Shared group identity is central to the endorsement of a restorative justice notion.
    • Victims are motivated to reaffirm values through social consensus when they share an identity with the offender in terms of a common group.
    • When there is a lack of shared identification with a relevant inclusive group, victims may see the offense as an illegitimate appropriation of status and power, leading to a preference for retributive justice.

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    Retributive and Restorative Justice PDF

    Description

    Explore the various philosophical perspectives on justice, focusing on consequentialist and retributivist justifications for punishment. This quiz delves into concepts such as restorative justice and the motivations behind punishment, examining how they interact with psychological research on justice responses.

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