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Questions and Answers
What underlying assumption challenged by a movement is related to the existing criminal justice system?
What underlying assumption challenged by a movement is related to the existing criminal justice system?
- Punishment is effective in deterring crime.
- Punishment of the offender is sufficient to restore justice. (correct)
- Victim satisfaction is unnecessary in justice.
- Restorative justice is the only solution.
What is a primary characteristic of restorative justice as described in the content?
What is a primary characteristic of restorative justice as described in the content?
- It prioritizes punishment over reconciliation.
- It focuses exclusively on the rights of the offender.
- It completely avoids community involvement.
- It treats offenses as conflicts to be resolved by affected parties. (correct)
Which psychological aspect is emphasized in understanding responses to transgressions?
Which psychological aspect is emphasized in understanding responses to transgressions?
- Different notions of justice guiding individual responses. (correct)
- The historical context of criminal laws.
- The personal beliefs of legal professionals.
- The financial cost of each intervention.
What is often observed regarding people's engagement in restorative justice practices?
What is often observed regarding people's engagement in restorative justice practices?
According to the content, what role do affected parties play in the restorative justice process?
According to the content, what role do affected parties play in the restorative justice process?
What relationship is highlighted in the content regarding different notions of justice?
What relationship is highlighted in the content regarding different notions of justice?
How does restorative justice address the feelings of those affected by the offense?
How does restorative justice address the feelings of those affected by the offense?
What aspect of justice processes does the content suggest may vary among individuals?
What aspect of justice processes does the content suggest may vary among individuals?
What is the main distinction made between two types of punishment justifications?
What is the main distinction made between two types of punishment justifications?
Which of the following is NOT considered a motive for behavioral control?
Which of the following is NOT considered a motive for behavioral control?
What does retributive justice emphasize regarding an offender?
What does retributive justice emphasize regarding an offender?
Which term describes the approach that aims to reduce the reoccurrence of offenses?
Which term describes the approach that aims to reduce the reoccurrence of offenses?
Empirical research indicates that the dominant motivation for calls for punishment is:
Empirical research indicates that the dominant motivation for calls for punishment is:
Which concept is primarily linked with the punishment related to the severity of wrongdoing?
Which concept is primarily linked with the punishment related to the severity of wrongdoing?
What form of violations can transgressions encompass?
What form of violations can transgressions encompass?
What is the primary aim of restorative justice in the context of legal violations?
What is the primary aim of restorative justice in the context of legal violations?
What primarily distinguishes retributive justice from restorative justice?
What primarily distinguishes retributive justice from restorative justice?
Which of the following accurately reflects a scenario under restorative justice?
Which of the following accurately reflects a scenario under restorative justice?
Under what condition might individuals find re-establishing distributive and procedural justice insufficient?
Under what condition might individuals find re-establishing distributive and procedural justice insufficient?
What is the goal of restorative justice as it relates to victim experiences?
What is the goal of restorative justice as it relates to victim experiences?
How is harm typically evaluated in the context of restorative justice?
How is harm typically evaluated in the context of restorative justice?
What is a significant component that can make retributive justice sufficient for victims?
What is a significant component that can make retributive justice sufficient for victims?
Which notion is closely associated with retributive justice?
Which notion is closely associated with retributive justice?
What is often required for victims when the material loss cannot be undone?
What is often required for victims when the material loss cannot be undone?
What is the significance of the offender's re-endorsement of community values?
What is the significance of the offender's re-endorsement of community values?
Which type of justice focuses on dialogue and mutual respect between affected parties?
Which type of justice focuses on dialogue and mutual respect between affected parties?
What primary aspect should be present for an apology to contribute effectively to restoring values?
What primary aspect should be present for an apology to contribute effectively to restoring values?
How are status and power implications of a transgression theoretically differentiated?
How are status and power implications of a transgression theoretically differentiated?
What does the relational model by Tyler et al. emphasize regarding transgressions?
What does the relational model by Tyler et al. emphasize regarding transgressions?
What is a potential consequence of perceiving a transgression as lowering a victim's status?
What is a potential consequence of perceiving a transgression as lowering a victim's status?
According to the content, what role do remorse and apology play in restoring community values?
According to the content, what role do remorse and apology play in restoring community values?
What aspect does restorative justice primarily seek to address?
What aspect does restorative justice primarily seek to address?
What does a value restoration notion of justice depend on?
What does a value restoration notion of justice depend on?
When might victims prefer restorative justice over retributive justice?
When might victims prefer restorative justice over retributive justice?
What typically characterizes intergroup transgressions?
What typically characterizes intergroup transgressions?
How do victims generally react when their values are violated?
How do victims generally react when their values are violated?
What is likely to happen when the norms and values of an inclusive category are regarded as diverse and in flux?
What is likely to happen when the norms and values of an inclusive category are regarded as diverse and in flux?
What tends to elicit notions of retributive justice in victims?
What tends to elicit notions of retributive justice in victims?
What motivates victims in cases of intergroup transgressions?
What motivates victims in cases of intergroup transgressions?
How do victims responding to a shared identity typically view transgressions?
How do victims responding to a shared identity typically view transgressions?
Study Notes
Different Notions of Justice
- Philosophers generally distinguish between consequentialist and retributivist justifications for punishment.
- Consequentialist justifications focus on controlling behavior (reducing reoccurrence of the offense through incapacitation, deterrence, or rehabilitation).
- Retributivist justifications focus on restoring justice.
- Research suggests justice restoration, not behavior control, is the dominant motivation for punishment.
- Retributive justice focuses on punishment proportionate to the severity of the wrongdoing, to restore justice.
- Restorative justice focuses on getting the affected parties involved in the process of restoring justice.
- Restorative justice sees transgressions as conflicts and involves the offender, the victim, and their respective communities in conflict resolution.
- Psychological research investigates whether different notions of justice guide responses to transgressions and the factors that determine people's justice notions.
Restorative Justice
- Restorative justice practices are put forward as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system.
- Restorative justice emphasizes direct involvement of the affected parties in the justice process.
- The goal is to restore a sense of justice through a renewed value consensus.
- Restorative justice practices can be used in situations beyond the criminal domain.
Restitution, Compensation, and Censure
- Restorative justice aims to resolve transgressions that violate distributive norms.
- Distributive norms are violated when there is a loss or harm that needs to be compensated.
- Transgressions that violate procedural norms require a re-establishment of fairness and neutrality.
- Restorative justice is particularly relevant when intention, gross negligence, and blame are attributed to the transgressor.
- Restorative justice aims to repair harm and restore trust through various measures including apologies and restitution.
Retributive and Restorative Justice Addressing Symbolic Implications
- Retributive justice is about the imposition of punishment through adjudication or revenge.
- Restorative justice is about renewing value consensus.
- When transgression is perceived as a violation of shared values, restorative justice aims to re-establish a consensus about those values.
- Offenders' remorse and apology can contribute to the validation of those values and contribute to the reestablishment of consensus.
- Shared group identity is central to the endorsement of a restorative justice notion.
- Victims are motivated to reaffirm values through social consensus when they share an identity with the offender in terms of a common group.
- When there is a lack of shared identification with a relevant inclusive group, victims may see the offense as an illegitimate appropriation of status and power, leading to a preference for retributive justice.
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Description
Explore the various philosophical perspectives on justice, focusing on consequentialist and retributivist justifications for punishment. This quiz delves into concepts such as restorative justice and the motivations behind punishment, examining how they interact with psychological research on justice responses.
