Differences Between RNA, DNA and Cells

Study Notes

Differences Between RNA and DNA

RNA transmits information from DNA to ribosomes for protein production, while DNA transmits genetic information from parent to offspring.
RNA can leave the nucleus, whereas DNA remains confined within it.
RNA contains the bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil; DNA has Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.
RNA is ribonucleic acid, while DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid.
RNA includes ribose sugar; DNA consists of deoxyribose sugar.
RNA is smaller, temporary in structure, and does not self-replicate; DNA is larger, permanent, and can self-replicate.

Similarities Between DNA and RNA

Both are polymers composed of nucleotides.
Both are classified as nucleic acids.
Each contains the three common bases: Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine.
Both are found within the nucleus of the cell.
Each has a phosphate group linked to a carbon sugar.

Differences Between Animal Cells and Plant Cells

Plant cells maintain a rectangular shape, while animal cells are circular.
Plant cells contain a large central vacuole, contrasting with the small vacuoles in animal cells.
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall; animal cells lack this feature.
Chloroplasts are present in plant cells for photosynthesis but absent in animal cells.
Plant cells do not have centrioles, cilia, or flagella; animal cells possess centrioles and may have cilia/flagella for movement.
Plant cells typically do not move, while animal cells can move when necessary.

Similarities Between Animal and Plant Cells

Both cell types undergo division through mitosis.
Both are classified as eukaryotic, containing complex structures.
Each type includes essential organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and cell membranes.

Differences Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Eukaryotic cells are multicellular, while prokaryotic cells are unicellular.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus bound by a membrane, whereas prokaryotes lack a true nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells possess present chromosomes and DNA, whereas prokaryotes have plasmids and no true chromosomes.
Eukaryotic cells contain lysosomes; prokaryotes do not.
Eukaryotes range in size from 10-100 micrometers; prokaryotes are smaller, typically 1-10 micrometers.
Examples of eukaryotes include Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia; prokaryotes fall under the Monera kingdom.
Eukaryotes reproduce via mitosis, while prokaryotes primarily reproduce through binary fission.

Description

Explore the fundamental differences and similarities between RNA and DNA, including their structures, functions, and roles in protein production. Additionally, learn how plant cells and animal cells differ from each other. This quiz is essential for understanding the molecular biology of life.