Differences between DNA and RNA
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Questions and Answers

Which statement accurately describes the composition of lipids?

  • Lipids consist of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen.
  • Lipids are made of proteins and carbohydrates.
  • Lipids are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. (correct)
  • Lipids contain an equal ratio of hydrogen to oxygen.
  • What is a characteristic of triglycerides?

  • Create polymers for energy storage.
  • Formed from two glycerol molecules and five fatty acids.
  • Consist of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. (correct)
  • Are solid at room temperature when unsaturated.
  • What role do phospholipids play in biological systems?

  • Energy storage in the form of triglycerides.
  • Serve as pigments for light absorption.
  • Provide insulation for the nervous system.
  • Act as structural components of cell membranes. (correct)
  • Which type of lipid is typically solid at room temperature?

    <p>Fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of saturated fatty acids?

    <p>Have no double bonds between carbon atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is associated with steroids and modified fatty acids?

    <p>Regulatory functions such as hormones and vitamins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines lipids as non-polar hydrocarbons?

    <p>They are composed mainly of hydrogen and carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do waxes function in biological organisms?

    <p>As protective coatings and water barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sugar is classified as a polymer?

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a ketose?

    <p>It is a monosaccharide with a single ketone group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a pentose?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural isomers differ in which of the following aspects?

    <p>Their arrangements of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecular formula of monosaccharides generally represented as?

    <p>(CH2O)n</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural difference between DNA and RNA?

    <p>RNA has ribose as its sugar, while DNA has deoxyribose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of bases are classified as purines in RNA?

    <p>Adenine and Guanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What holds the two strands of DNA together?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds between purines and pyrimidines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is starch more digestible than cellulose?

    <p>The polymer structure of starch allows enzymes to break it down more easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the base pairing in DNA?

    <p>Adenine pairs with Thymine and Guanine pairs with Cytosine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sugars is found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about RNA is incorrect?

    <p>RNA has a higher molecular weight than DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do fats and carbohydrates differ in their energy provision?

    <p>Fats provide more energy than carbohydrates when they are depleted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes nucleotides from nucleosides?

    <p>Nucleotides contain a phosphate group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT found in both DNA and RNA?

    <p>Deoxyribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What direction do nucleic acids grow during the polymerization of nucleotides?

    <p>5′-to-3′ direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about phosphodiester linkages is correct?

    <p>They connect the 3'-OH of one sugar to the 5'-phosphate of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is common to both DNA and RNA nucleotides?

    <p>Nitrogen-containing base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phosphate groups can be present in a nucleotide?

    <p>Nucleotide may contain between one and three phosphate groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of nucleic acids?

    <p>Encoding and transmitting genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sugar is found in RNA?

    <p>Ribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a homopolysaccharide?

    <p>It contains only one type of monosaccharide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of glycosidic bond forms in cellulose compared to starch?

    <p>Different types of glycosidic bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about glycogen is true?

    <p>It consists of shorter chains than starch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is notably part of the exoskeletons of insects?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of both starch and glycogen?

    <p>They are both homopolysaccharides of the same monosaccharide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ribose and Nucleic Acids

    • Ribose is the pentose sugar found in RNA, distinguishing it from deoxyribose in DNA.
    • RNA is generally single-stranded, whereas DNA is double-stranded.
    • RNA contains the nitrogen bases adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and uracil (U); while DNA contains adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
    • Base pairing occurs in DNA due to hydrogen bonding between purines and pyrimidines.

    Differences Between DNA and RNA

    • DNA: double-stranded with deoxyribose sugar and thymine as a nitrogen base.
    • RNA: single-stranded with ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine.

    Nucleic Acids

    • Nucleic acids are polymers, essential for storage and transmission of genetic information.
    • Composed of nucleotides, which include a pentose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing base.

    Structure of Nucleotides

    • Nucleotide consists of three components:
      • Pentose sugar (ribose in RNA, deoxyribose in DNA).
      • Phosphate group.
      • Nitrogenous base.
    • Nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds, forming long chains that grow in the 5' to 3' direction.

    Organic Molecules: Lipids

    • Lipids include fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids; mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
    • Lipids have a higher ratio of hydrogen to oxygen (H:O > 2:1) and do not form polymers.
    • Biological functions of lipids include energy storage, insulation, protective coatings, structure of cell membranes, and hormone regulation.

    Fatty Acids

    • Fatty acids consist of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group (COOH).
    • Can be saturated (no double bonds) or unsaturated (one or more double bonds).

    Polysaccharides

    • Polysaccharides serve as energy storage (e.g., starch and glycogen) and structural components (e.g., cellulose, chitin).
    • Starch is a branched polymer, easily digestible, whereas cellulose is linear and indigestible by animals.
    • Glycogen is similar to starch and serves as energy storage in animals.

    Types of Simple Sugars

    • Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars (e.g., glucose, ribose).
    • They can be classified based on the number of carbon atoms: trioses (3), tetroses (4), pentoses (5), hexoses (6).
    • Aldoses contain an aldehyde group, while ketoses contain a ketone group.

    Chemical Basis of Life

    • All elements consist of unique atoms, with a finite number essential for life.
    • Chemical compounds are formed through bonding, and the same chemicals are found across all living organisms.

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    Related Documents

    Lipids and Nucleic Acids PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamental differences between DNA and RNA, including their sugar components and nitrogenous bases. Test your understanding of these crucial molecules in genetics and molecular biology. Learn about the roles of ribose and deoxyribose in the structure of RNA and DNA respectively.

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