DNA and RNA Structure Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What did Chargaff discover while studying bases in the DNA of organisms?

The ratios of thymine and adenine were similar, as were the ratios of guanine and cytosine.

Which of the following could be a nucleotide of DNA?

  • Ribose + phosphate group + adenine
  • Ribose + phosphate group + cytosine
  • Deoxyribose + phosphate group + guanine
  • Deoxyribose + phosphate group + thymine (correct)

DNA is made of two chains of nucleotides. Which type of bonds hold the chains together?

Hydrogen bonds

Which discovery is attributed to Phoebus Levene?

<p>Identification of ribose and deoxyribose</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which base is found only in DNA?

<p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?

<p>RNA moves the DNA code to the ribosomes for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DNA provide the code for?

<p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder?

<p>Nitrogenous base pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

A single strand of DNA helix has the code CGCTAA. Which would be the complementary code on the other strand of the helix?

<p>CGCAUU</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following could be a nucleotide of RNA?

<p>Ribose + phosphate group + guanine (C), Ribose + phosphate group + uracil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

DNA and RNA Structure

  • Chargaff discovered that the ratios of thymine to adenine and guanine to cytosine are similar in DNA across different organisms.
  • A DNA nucleotide consists of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases, such as thymine.
  • Hydrogen bonds hold the two chains of nucleotides together in the double helix structure of DNA.
  • Phoebus Levene is credited with identifying the sugars ribose and deoxyribose, which are essential components of RNA and DNA, respectively.
  • Thymine is a nitrogenous base exclusive to DNA, while uracil is found in RNA.
  • The process of protein synthesis involves RNA transporting the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
  • DNA serves as the template that encodes information necessary for protein synthesis within cells.
  • The structure of DNA is often described as a twisted ladder, with the rungs made of paired nitrogenous bases (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine).
  • For a strand of DNA with the sequence CGCTAA, the complementary strand would have the sequence GCGAUU.
  • A nucleotide of RNA is composed of ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of the nitrogenous bases, such as uracil. Note: thymine is not found in RNA.

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