Questions and Answers
What did Chargaff discover while studying bases in the DNA of organisms?
The ratios of thymine and adenine were similar, as were the ratios of guanine and cytosine.
Which of the following could be a nucleotide of DNA?
DNA is made of two chains of nucleotides. Which type of bonds hold the chains together?
Hydrogen bonds
Which discovery is attributed to Phoebus Levene?
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Which base is found only in DNA?
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Which best summarizes the process of protein synthesis?
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What does DNA provide the code for?
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The structure of DNA resembles a twisted ladder. Which structural components form the rungs of the ladder?
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A single strand of DNA helix has the code CGCTAA. Which would be the complementary code on the other strand of the helix?
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Which of the following could be a nucleotide of RNA?
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Study Notes
DNA and RNA Structure
- Chargaff discovered that the ratios of thymine to adenine and guanine to cytosine are similar in DNA across different organisms.
- A DNA nucleotide consists of deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases, such as thymine.
- Hydrogen bonds hold the two chains of nucleotides together in the double helix structure of DNA.
- Phoebus Levene is credited with identifying the sugars ribose and deoxyribose, which are essential components of RNA and DNA, respectively.
- Thymine is a nitrogenous base exclusive to DNA, while uracil is found in RNA.
- The process of protein synthesis involves RNA transporting the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
- DNA serves as the template that encodes information necessary for protein synthesis within cells.
- The structure of DNA is often described as a twisted ladder, with the rungs made of paired nitrogenous bases (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine).
- For a strand of DNA with the sequence CGCTAA, the complementary strand would have the sequence GCGAUU.
- A nucleotide of RNA is composed of ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of the nitrogenous bases, such as uracil. Note: thymine is not found in RNA.
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Description
Test your knowledge of DNA and RNA structures with these flashcards. Explore key concepts including Chargaff's rules, nucleotide composition, and the types of bonds in DNA. Perfect for students of biology looking to reinforce their understanding of molecular genetics.
