Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the characteristics that distinguishes research from non-research activity?
What is one of the characteristics that distinguishes research from non-research activity?
How does the research process typically address complex problems?
How does the research process typically address complex problems?
What does the research process involve beyond just identifying a problem or question?
What does the research process involve beyond just identifying a problem or question?
What term is used to describe the cyclical nature of the research process?
What term is used to describe the cyclical nature of the research process?
What is the origin of the word 'research' according to the text?
What is the origin of the word 'research' according to the text?
How is the research process defined according to the text?
How is the research process defined according to the text?
What type of research involves investigation of any phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques?
What type of research involves investigation of any phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques?
Which type of research deals with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically?
Which type of research deals with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically?
What is the primary aim of qualitative research?
What is the primary aim of qualitative research?
Which type of research investigates the why and how of decision making?
Which type of research investigates the why and how of decision making?
Which approach combines both quantitative and qualitative forms of inquiry?
Which approach combines both quantitative and qualitative forms of inquiry?
What step in qualitative research involves interpreting collected data?
What step in qualitative research involves interpreting collected data?
Which experimental research design is most appropriate for controlled settings such as laboratories?
Which experimental research design is most appropriate for controlled settings such as laboratories?
In experimental research, what is the predictor variable known as?
In experimental research, what is the predictor variable known as?
Which research design approximates the experimental design but lacks a control group?
Which research design approximates the experimental design but lacks a control group?
What is a key challenge of executing experimental research in real-world (non-laboratory) settings?
What is a key challenge of executing experimental research in real-world (non-laboratory) settings?
Which type of research design explores cause and effect relationships with causes already existing and cannot be manipulated?
Which type of research design explores cause and effect relationships with causes already existing and cannot be manipulated?
How does the causal-comparative research differ from experimental research?
How does the causal-comparative research differ from experimental research?
Which statement from the text suggests a potential link between academic performance and stress?
Which statement from the text suggests a potential link between academic performance and stress?
Based on the text, what aspect plays a role in academic success among first-year students majoring in psychology, criminology, and social work?
Based on the text, what aspect plays a role in academic success among first-year students majoring in psychology, criminology, and social work?
What is the Descriptive Role in research?
What is the Descriptive Role in research?
From the 'Five Ws' mentioned in the text, what are some of the essential questions to consider before starting a research project?
From the 'Five Ws' mentioned in the text, what are some of the essential questions to consider before starting a research project?
In the context of academic struggles, which group of students is wrongly generalized according to the text?
In the context of academic struggles, which group of students is wrongly generalized according to the text?
What factor is implied as potentially affecting academic performance among first-year criminology students?
What factor is implied as potentially affecting academic performance among first-year criminology students?
What is the purpose of conceptualisation in research?
What is the purpose of conceptualisation in research?
How does conceptualisation contribute to theory creation?
How does conceptualisation contribute to theory creation?
What is a common practice during the conceptualisation process?
What is a common practice during the conceptualisation process?
When might researchers need to 'make up' a name during conceptualisation?
When might researchers need to 'make up' a name during conceptualisation?
In research, what do indicators represent in relation to conceptualisation?
In research, what do indicators represent in relation to conceptualisation?
What does conceptualisation lead to in terms of analyzing research?
What does conceptualisation lead to in terms of analyzing research?
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Study Notes
Research Methods
- Scientific methods involve investigating phenomena using statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques
- Scientific methods also include generating models, theories, and hypotheses, developing instruments and methods for measurement, experimental control and manipulation of variables, collecting empirical data, modeling and analysis of data, and evaluating results
Qualitative Research
- Explores factors that could explain why a given event occurs and establishes patterns and theories for understanding how and why an event occurs
- Deals with phenomena that are difficult or impossible to quantify mathematically, such as beliefs, meanings, attributes, and symbols
- Aims to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior
- Investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when
Steps in Qualitative Research
- Acknowledge social self
- Adopt a theoretical perspective
- Design study
- Collect data
- Analyze data
- Interpret data
- Inform others
Mixed Methods Research
- Combines both quantitative and qualitative forms of inquiry
- Typically focuses on those majoring in psychology, criminology, and social work
The Five 'W' s
- What is my research?
- Why do I want to do the research?
- Who are my research participants?
- Where am I going to do the research?
- When am I going to do the research?
Purpose of Research
- Descriptive role: involves data-based information gathering
Experimental Research
- Is an objective, systematic, controlled investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena and examining probability and causality among selected variables
- Assumes random assignment of subjects and random assignment to groups
- Attempts to explore cause and effect relationships where causes can be manipulated to produce different kinds of effects
Quasi-Experimental Research
- Approximates the experimental design but does not have a control group
- Lacks random assignment of participants to experimental and control groups
- More error is possible in the results
Causal Comparative or Ex Post Factor Research
- Attempts to explore cause and effect relationships where causes already exist and cannot be manipulated
Research Process
- Begins with identifying a problem or question
- Involves gathering data, analyzing findings, and drawing conclusions
- Seeks to explain or solve the identified problem
Conceptualisation and Measurement
- Conceptualisation is specifying exactly what you mean and don’t mean by the terms you use in your research
- It involves breaking and converting research ideas into common meanings to develop an agreement among the users
- Leads to framing meaningful concepts, which ultimately lead to the creation of a theory
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