Difference Between Chickenpox, Smallpox, Rubeola, and Sneezles

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What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

Allows the virus to enter the cell (correct)

Facilitates virus replication within the cell

Helps the virus out of the host cell

Releases assembled virions from the host cell

What role does neuraminidase play in the influenza virus life cycle?

Releases assembled virions from the host cell (correct)

Allows the virus to stick to a potential host cell

Facilitates viral replication within the cell

Helps the virus enter the host cell

Which process is associated with Antigenic Drift in the influenza virus?

Small changes to avoid antibody binding (correct)

Causing a change to the hemagglutinin protein

Major, abrupt changes to the virus

Subtypes of flu

What is the main consequence of Antigenic Shift in the influenza virus?

Formation of new influenza A subtypes Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in the influenza virus?

It allows for both viral entry and exit from host cells Signup and view all the answers

How does Neuraminidase facilitate viral release from host cells?

By cleaving sialic acid and releasing assembled virions Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes lesions that are rounding and all appear at the same time?

Smallpox virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary effect of measles known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

Brain encephalitis Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes a mild viral infection marked by an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular rash?

Rubella virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Fifth's disease, also known as 'slap cheek disease'?

Red, glossy rash on cheeks Signup and view all the answers

When does the swelling of one or more parotid glands typically occur in Mumps?

15-18 days after exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results in testicular swelling and sterility in men as a secondary effect?

Orchitis Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is the major cause of mono, also known as 'the kissing disease'?

HHV4 Signup and view all the answers

Which herpes virus is closely related to HHV6 and can cause roseola?

HHV7 Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome, according to the text?

HHV5 Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is discovered in tumors called Kaposi’s sarcoma found in people with AIDS?

HHV8 Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes neonatal herpes, a life-threatening disease passed from infected mother to newborns?

Herpes virus 1 & 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between smallpox and chickenpox?

Causative virus Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known as the 'Orphan virus'?

Echo virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Downey cells?

Vacuolated cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?

Coxsackie Type A Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection can be caused by Coxsackie Type B virus?

Myocardial and pericardial infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among all age groups?

Norovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell type is most commonly infected in infectious mononucleosis?

Atypical lymphocyte Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal disease mainly occurs in immunocompromised people and is known to cause meningitis?

Cryptococcus Neoformans Signup and view all the answers

What is the common occupation hazard associated with Sporotrichosis?

Gardeners Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal infection is a superbug and has been a concern due to its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs?

Candida Auris Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for developing candidiasis of the gut or vaginal tract?

Overuse of antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal disease is commonly associated with inhalation of dried pigeon feces in urban environments?

Cryptococcus Neoformans Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of Sporotrichosis that occurs after being exposed to the fungus through contact with rotting wood?

Itchy and inflamed area with purple/blue cottage discharge Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common sexually transmitted infection?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is responsible for an acute, self-limiting infection that can be transmitted person-to-person?

Chlamydia trachomatis Signup and view all the answers

What infectious disease can be transmitted to humans from infected pet birds or birds consumed as food?

Psittacosis Signup and view all the answers

Which variant of Chlamydia can cause lower respiratory infections?

Chlamydia Psittaci Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of Chlamydia is MOST FREQUENTLY reported as an STD in the U.S.?

Chlamydia trachomatis Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to infertility in females if left untreated?

Chlamydia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Neuraminidase in the influenza virus?

Helps in releasing the virus from infected cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza virus causes the most pandemics and is the most common?

Influenza A Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Myelin sheath damage to nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in the influenza virus is responsible for binding the virus to host cells?

Hemagglutinin Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Influenza C from Influenza A and B in terms of its impact?

Results in mild respiratory illness without epidemics Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates a bacteriophage from a human virus?

Infects only bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom shared by malaria and theileria infections?

Headaches Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes a disease that can lead to rectal prolapse in children?

Trichuris trichiura Signup and view all the answers

How is malaria transmission different from theileria transmission?

Malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes, while theileria is transmitted via ticks Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite can cause an infection that survives in skeletal muscles?

Trichinella spiralis Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between trichinosis and trichomonas?

One shows a circle in cells, the other shows a Maltese cross Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes African eye worm disease by moving to the eye and causing retinal damage and blindness?

Wuchereria bancrofti Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for African eye worm disease where a hole is punched in the conjunctiva to remove the worm?

Punching a hole in the conjunctiva Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes River blindness, transmitted via black fly, resulting in a severe itchy rash and eye infiltration leading to blindness?

Onchocerca volvulus Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide, caused by a roundworm infestation?

Ascaris lumbricodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the parasite that causes Elephantiasis by blocking veins in the legs and causing swelling?

Wuchereria bancrofti Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite is known as the 'Dragon worm' and can be removed by punching a hole in the conjunctiva for treatment?

Dracunculus medinensis Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by the animal being hyperactive, thrashing, and biting in the furious stage?

Rabies Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of transmission common to both viral hemorrhagic fever and Zika Virus?

Tick or mosquito to human Signup and view all the answers

Which disease from the list is known to cause microcephaly and brain defects in newborns if contracted during pregnancy?

Zika Virus Signup and view all the answers

Which disease causes spongiform encephalitis that turns the brain into a sponge?

Prion Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in Colorado Tick Fever apart from fever and relief?

Leukopenia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between icosahedral and helical viral structures?

Capsid with central cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus acquires its envelope by budding out of infected host cells?

Enveloped virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of viruses that cause head-tail morphology?

Infect only bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which virus structure is characterized by being encased in a lipid bilayer membrane?

Enveloped Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of a virus with a complex structure?

Combination of icosahedral and helical shapes Signup and view all the answers

What type of viruses can cause meningitis?

Enterovirus Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom during the paralytic stage of polio?

Pain and stiffness in the neck, back, and limbs Signup and view all the answers

Post-polio syndrome manifests as new symptoms after how many years?

30-50 years Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the body is most commonly affected by paralysis in polio cases?

Lower limbs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in individuals infected with Enterovirus ED-68?

Respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for Enterovirus ED-68 leading to aseptic meningitis?

Fecal-oral route Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hepatitis is characterized by having no chronic form and mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

Hepatitis E Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of liver transplants in the U.S due to hepatitis-related damage?

Hepatitis C Signup and view all the answers

In viral gastroenteritis, which virus attacks nerve cells and can lead to paralysis as a major complication?

Poliovirus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viral infection is commonly transmitted by blood transfusion and can cause esophageal varices and hemorrhage?

Hepatitis C Signup and view all the answers

Which viral disease, when acquired simultaneously with Hepatitis B, is often considered a 'death sentence' due to a higher incidence of liver disease and mortality rate?

Hepatitis D Signup and view all the answers

Which hemorrhagic fever in the Ebola family has African fruit bats as its reservoir and exhibits fever cycles following a pattern of high during the day and low at night?

Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing Reyes Syndrome?

Influenza Virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Stage 1 of Reyes Syndrome?

Rash on palms and feet Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by Reyes Syndrome?

Children aged 4-12 Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in children under 1 year old?

Fuses cells together into syncytia Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing croup in young children?

Parainfluenza Virus 1 and 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of aspirin use in children with viral infections according to the text?

Can lead to severe complications like Reyes Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between malaria and theileria infections?

Malaria is transmitted via mosquito bites, whereas theileria is transmitted via ticks. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) infection and Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) disease?

Whipworm infection causes rectal prolapse in children, while Pinworm disease leads to anemia. Signup and view all the answers

How does Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) differ from Trichinella Spiralis (Trichinosis) infection?

Pinworm disease affects skeletal muscles, while trichinosis affects the gastrointestinal tract. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Theileria microti protozoan infection from malaria caused by plasmodium?

Theileria microti protozoan is transmitted via ticks and leads to anemia, whereas malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes and causes headaches. Signup and view all the answers

How does Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) differ from Theileria microti protozoan infection?

Whipworm causes rectal prolapse, while Theileria causes anemia and meningitis. Signup and view all the answers

Difference Between Chickenpox, Smallpox, Rubeola, and Sneezles

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

What role does neuraminidase play in the influenza virus life cycle?

Which process is associated with Antigenic Drift in the influenza virus?

What is the main consequence of Antigenic Shift in the influenza virus?

What is unique about Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in the influenza virus?

How does Neuraminidase facilitate viral release from host cells?

Which virus causes lesions that are rounding and all appear at the same time?

What is the secondary effect of measles known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

Which virus causes a mild viral infection marked by an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular rash?

What is the distinguishing feature of Fifth's disease, also known as 'slap cheek disease'?

When does the swelling of one or more parotid glands typically occur in Mumps?

Which condition results in testicular swelling and sterility in men as a secondary effect?

Which virus is the major cause of mono, also known as 'the kissing disease'?

Which herpes virus is closely related to HHV6 and can cause roseola?

What can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome, according to the text?

Which virus is discovered in tumors called Kaposi’s sarcoma found in people with AIDS?

Which virus causes neonatal herpes, a life-threatening disease passed from infected mother to newborns?

What is the main difference between smallpox and chickenpox?

Which virus is known as the 'Orphan virus'?

What is the characteristic feature of Downey cells?

Which virus is responsible for Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?

What type of infection can be caused by Coxsackie Type B virus?

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among all age groups?

Which white blood cell type is most commonly infected in infectious mononucleosis?

Which fungal disease mainly occurs in immunocompromised people and is known to cause meningitis?

What is the common occupation hazard associated with Sporotrichosis?

Which fungal infection is a superbug and has been a concern due to its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs?

What is the main reason for developing candidiasis of the gut or vaginal tract?

Which fungal disease is commonly associated with inhalation of dried pigeon feces in urban environments?

What is the characteristic symptom of Sporotrichosis that occurs after being exposed to the fungus through contact with rotting wood?

What is the most common sexually transmitted infection?

Which pathogen is responsible for an acute, self-limiting infection that can be transmitted person-to-person?

What infectious disease can be transmitted to humans from infected pet birds or birds consumed as food?

Which variant of Chlamydia can cause lower respiratory infections?

Which subtype of Chlamydia is MOST FREQUENTLY reported as an STD in the U.S.?

What can lead to infertility in females if left untreated?

What is the main function of Neuraminidase in the influenza virus?

Which type of influenza virus causes the most pandemics and is the most common?

What is the main complication associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

Which protein in the influenza virus is responsible for binding the virus to host cells?

What differentiates Influenza C from Influenza A and B in terms of its impact?

Which characteristic differentiates a bacteriophage from a human virus?

What is the common symptom shared by malaria and theileria infections?

Which parasite causes a disease that can lead to rectal prolapse in children?

How is malaria transmission different from theileria transmission?

Which parasite can cause an infection that survives in skeletal muscles?

What is the distinguishing feature between trichinosis and trichomonas?

Which parasite causes African eye worm disease by moving to the eye and causing retinal damage and blindness?

What is the treatment for African eye worm disease where a hole is punched in the conjunctiva to remove the worm?

Which parasite causes River blindness, transmitted via black fly, resulting in a severe itchy rash and eye infiltration leading to blindness?

What is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide, caused by a roundworm infestation?

What is the name of the parasite that causes Elephantiasis by blocking veins in the legs and causing swelling?

Which parasite is known as the 'Dragon worm' and can be removed by punching a hole in the conjunctiva for treatment?

Which disease is characterized by the animal being hyperactive, thrashing, and biting in the furious stage?

What is the method of transmission common to both viral hemorrhagic fever and Zika Virus?

Which disease from the list is known to cause microcephaly and brain defects in newborns if contracted during pregnancy?

Which disease causes spongiform encephalitis that turns the brain into a sponge?

What is a common symptom seen in Colorado Tick Fever apart from fever and relief?

What is the primary difference between icosahedral and helical viral structures?

Which type of virus acquires its envelope by budding out of infected host cells?

What is the unique feature of viruses that cause head-tail morphology?

Which virus structure is characterized by being encased in a lipid bilayer membrane?

What is the defining feature of a virus with a complex structure?

What type of viruses can cause meningitis?

What is the most common symptom during the paralytic stage of polio?

Post-polio syndrome manifests as new symptoms after how many years?

Which area of the body is most commonly affected by paralysis in polio cases?

What is a common symptom seen in individuals infected with Enterovirus ED-68?

What is the main mode of transmission for Enterovirus ED-68 leading to aseptic meningitis?

Which type of hepatitis is characterized by having no chronic form and mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

What is the primary cause of liver transplants in the U.S due to hepatitis-related damage?

In viral gastroenteritis, which virus attacks nerve cells and can lead to paralysis as a major complication?

Which type of viral infection is commonly transmitted by blood transfusion and can cause esophageal varices and hemorrhage?

Which viral disease, when acquired simultaneously with Hepatitis B, is often considered a 'death sentence' due to a higher incidence of liver disease and mortality rate?

Which hemorrhagic fever in the Ebola family has African fruit bats as its reservoir and exhibits fever cycles following a pattern of high during the day and low at night?

Which virus is responsible for causing Reyes Syndrome?