Difference Between Chickenpox, Smallpox, Rubeola, and Sneezles
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

  • Allows the virus to enter the cell (correct)
  • Facilitates virus replication within the cell
  • Helps the virus out of the host cell
  • Releases assembled virions from the host cell

    • What role does neuraminidase play in the influenza virus life cycle?

  • Releases assembled virions from the host cell (correct)
  • Allows the virus to stick to a potential host cell
  • Facilitates viral replication within the cell
  • Helps the virus enter the host cell

    • Which process is associated with Antigenic Drift in the influenza virus?

  • Small changes to avoid antibody binding (correct)
  • Causing a change to the hemagglutinin protein
  • Major, abrupt changes to the virus
  • Subtypes of flu

    • What is the main consequence of Antigenic Shift in the influenza virus?

    <p>Formation of new influenza A subtypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in the influenza virus?

    <p>It allows for both viral entry and exit from host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Neuraminidase facilitate viral release from host cells?

    <p>By cleaving sialic acid and releasing assembled virions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes lesions that are rounding and all appear at the same time?

    <p>Smallpox virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the secondary effect of measles known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

    <p>Brain encephalitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes a mild viral infection marked by an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular rash?

    <p>Rubella virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of Fifth's disease, also known as 'slap cheek disease'?

    <p>Red, glossy rash on cheeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does the swelling of one or more parotid glands typically occur in Mumps?

    <p>15-18 days after exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in testicular swelling and sterility in men as a secondary effect?

    <p>Orchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is the major cause of mono, also known as 'the kissing disease'?

    <p>HHV4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herpes virus is closely related to HHV6 and can cause roseola?

    <p>HHV7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome, according to the text?

    <p>HHV5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is discovered in tumors called Kaposi’s sarcoma found in people with AIDS?

    <p>HHV8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus causes neonatal herpes, a life-threatening disease passed from infected mother to newborns?

    <p>Herpes virus 1 &amp; 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between smallpox and chickenpox?

    <p>Causative virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is known as the 'Orphan virus'?

    <p>Echo virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Downey cells?

    <p>Vacuolated cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?

    <p>Coxsackie Type A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection can be caused by Coxsackie Type B virus?

    <p>Myocardial and pericardial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among all age groups?

    <p>Norovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which white blood cell type is most commonly infected in infectious mononucleosis?

    <p>Atypical lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal disease mainly occurs in immunocompromised people and is known to cause meningitis?

    <p>Cryptococcus Neoformans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common occupation hazard associated with Sporotrichosis?

    <p>Gardeners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal infection is a superbug and has been a concern due to its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs?

    <p>Candida Auris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for developing candidiasis of the gut or vaginal tract?

    <p>Overuse of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal disease is commonly associated with inhalation of dried pigeon feces in urban environments?

    <p>Cryptococcus Neoformans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic symptom of Sporotrichosis that occurs after being exposed to the fungus through contact with rotting wood?

    <p>Itchy and inflamed area with purple/blue cottage discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common sexually transmitted infection?

    <p>Chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen is responsible for an acute, self-limiting infection that can be transmitted person-to-person?

    <p>Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What infectious disease can be transmitted to humans from infected pet birds or birds consumed as food?

    <p>Psittacosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which variant of Chlamydia can cause lower respiratory infections?

    <p>Chlamydia Psittaci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of Chlamydia is MOST FREQUENTLY reported as an STD in the U.S.?

    <p>Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to infertility in females if left untreated?

    <p><strong>Chlamydia</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Neuraminidase in the influenza virus?

    <p>Helps in releasing the virus from infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of influenza virus causes the most pandemics and is the most common?

    <p>Influenza A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

    <p>Myelin sheath damage to nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein in the influenza virus is responsible for binding the virus to host cells?

    <p>Hemagglutinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Influenza C from Influenza A and B in terms of its impact?

    <p>Results in mild respiratory illness without epidemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic differentiates a bacteriophage from a human virus?

    <p>Infects only bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom shared by malaria and theileria infections?

    <p>Headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes a disease that can lead to rectal prolapse in children?

    <p>Trichuris trichiura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is malaria transmission different from theileria transmission?

    <p>Malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes, while theileria is transmitted via ticks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite can cause an infection that survives in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Trichinella spiralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature between trichinosis and trichomonas?

    <p>One shows a circle in cells, the other shows a Maltese cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes African eye worm disease by moving to the eye and causing retinal damage and blindness?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for African eye worm disease where a hole is punched in the conjunctiva to remove the worm?

    <p>Punching a hole in the conjunctiva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite causes River blindness, transmitted via black fly, resulting in a severe itchy rash and eye infiltration leading to blindness?

    <p>Onchocerca volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide, caused by a roundworm infestation?

    <p>Ascaris lumbricodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite that causes Elephantiasis by blocking veins in the legs and causing swelling?

    <p>Wuchereria bancrofti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is known as the 'Dragon worm' and can be removed by punching a hole in the conjunctiva for treatment?

    <p>Dracunculus medinensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by the animal being hyperactive, thrashing, and biting in the furious stage?

    <p>Rabies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of transmission common to both viral hemorrhagic fever and Zika Virus?

    <p>Tick or mosquito to human</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease from the list is known to cause microcephaly and brain defects in newborns if contracted during pregnancy?

    <p>Zika Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease causes spongiform encephalitis that turns the brain into a sponge?

    <p>Prion Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom seen in Colorado Tick Fever apart from fever and relief?

    <p>Leukopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between icosahedral and helical viral structures?

    <p>Capsid with central cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus acquires its envelope by budding out of infected host cells?

    <p>Enveloped virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of viruses that cause head-tail morphology?

    <p>Infect only bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus structure is characterized by being encased in a lipid bilayer membrane?

    <p>Enveloped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of a virus with a complex structure?

    <p>Combination of icosahedral and helical shapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viruses can cause meningitis?

    <p>Enterovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom during the paralytic stage of polio?

    <p>Pain and stiffness in the neck, back, and limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Post-polio syndrome manifests as new symptoms after how many years?

    <p>30-50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the body is most commonly affected by paralysis in polio cases?

    <p>Lower limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom seen in individuals infected with Enterovirus ED-68?

    <p>Respiratory distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of transmission for Enterovirus ED-68 leading to aseptic meningitis?

    <p>Fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hepatitis is characterized by having no chronic form and mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

    <p>Hepatitis E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of liver transplants in the U.S due to hepatitis-related damage?

    <p>Hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In viral gastroenteritis, which virus attacks nerve cells and can lead to paralysis as a major complication?

    <p>Poliovirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viral infection is commonly transmitted by blood transfusion and can cause esophageal varices and hemorrhage?

    <p>Hepatitis C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral disease, when acquired simultaneously with Hepatitis B, is often considered a 'death sentence' due to a higher incidence of liver disease and mortality rate?

    <p>Hepatitis D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hemorrhagic fever in the Ebola family has African fruit bats as its reservoir and exhibits fever cycles following a pattern of high during the day and low at night?

    <p>Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for causing Reyes Syndrome?

    <p>Influenza Virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Stage 1 of Reyes Syndrome?

    <p>Rash on palms and feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by Reyes Syndrome?

    <p>Children aged 4-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in children under 1 year old?

    <p>Fuses cells together into syncytia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for causing croup in young children?

    <p>Parainfluenza Virus 1 and 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of aspirin use in children with viral infections according to the text?

    <p>Can lead to severe complications like Reyes Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between malaria and theileria infections?

    <p>Malaria is transmitted via mosquito bites, whereas theileria is transmitted via ticks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) infection and Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) disease?

    <p>Whipworm infection causes rectal prolapse in children, while Pinworm disease leads to anemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) differ from Trichinella Spiralis (Trichinosis) infection?

    <p>Pinworm disease affects skeletal muscles, while trichinosis affects the gastrointestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Theileria microti protozoan infection from malaria caused by plasmodium?

    <p>Theileria microti protozoan is transmitted via ticks and leads to anemia, whereas malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes and causes headaches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) differ from Theileria microti protozoan infection?

    <p>Whipworm causes rectal prolapse, while Theileria causes anemia and meningitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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