Difference Between Chickenpox, Smallpox, Rubeola, and Sneezles
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?

  • Allows the virus to enter the cell (correct)
  • Facilitates virus replication within the cell
  • Helps the virus out of the host cell
  • Releases assembled virions from the host cell

What role does neuraminidase play in the influenza virus life cycle?

  • Releases assembled virions from the host cell (correct)
  • Allows the virus to stick to a potential host cell
  • Facilitates viral replication within the cell
  • Helps the virus enter the host cell

Which process is associated with Antigenic Drift in the influenza virus?

  • Small changes to avoid antibody binding (correct)
  • Causing a change to the hemagglutinin protein
  • Major, abrupt changes to the virus
  • Subtypes of flu

What is the main consequence of Antigenic Shift in the influenza virus?

<p>Formation of new influenza A subtypes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in the influenza virus?

<p>It allows for both viral entry and exit from host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Neuraminidase facilitate viral release from host cells?

<p>By cleaving sialic acid and releasing assembled virions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes lesions that are rounding and all appear at the same time?

<p>Smallpox virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the secondary effect of measles known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?

<p>Brain encephalitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes a mild viral infection marked by an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular rash?

<p>Rubella virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of Fifth's disease, also known as 'slap cheek disease'?

<p>Red, glossy rash on cheeks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the swelling of one or more parotid glands typically occur in Mumps?

<p>15-18 days after exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results in testicular swelling and sterility in men as a secondary effect?

<p>Orchitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is the major cause of mono, also known as 'the kissing disease'?

<p>HHV4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which herpes virus is closely related to HHV6 and can cause roseola?

<p>HHV7 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome, according to the text?

<p>HHV5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is discovered in tumors called Kaposi’s sarcoma found in people with AIDS?

<p>HHV8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus causes neonatal herpes, a life-threatening disease passed from infected mother to newborns?

<p>Herpes virus 1 &amp; 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between smallpox and chickenpox?

<p>Causative virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is known as the 'Orphan virus'?

<p>Echo virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of Downey cells?

<p>Vacuolated cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?

<p>Coxsackie Type A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection can be caused by Coxsackie Type B virus?

<p>Myocardial and pericardial infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among all age groups?

<p>Norovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell type is most commonly infected in infectious mononucleosis?

<p>Atypical lymphocyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal disease mainly occurs in immunocompromised people and is known to cause meningitis?

<p>Cryptococcus Neoformans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common occupation hazard associated with Sporotrichosis?

<p>Gardeners (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal infection is a superbug and has been a concern due to its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs?

<p>Candida Auris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for developing candidiasis of the gut or vaginal tract?

<p>Overuse of antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fungal disease is commonly associated with inhalation of dried pigeon feces in urban environments?

<p>Cryptococcus Neoformans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of Sporotrichosis that occurs after being exposed to the fungus through contact with rotting wood?

<p>Itchy and inflamed area with purple/blue cottage discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common sexually transmitted infection?

<p>Chlamydia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is responsible for an acute, self-limiting infection that can be transmitted person-to-person?

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What infectious disease can be transmitted to humans from infected pet birds or birds consumed as food?

<p>Psittacosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which variant of Chlamydia can cause lower respiratory infections?

<p>Chlamydia Psittaci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subtype of Chlamydia is MOST FREQUENTLY reported as an STD in the U.S.?

<p>Chlamydia trachomatis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to infertility in females if left untreated?

<p><strong>Chlamydia</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Neuraminidase in the influenza virus?

<p>Helps in releasing the virus from infected cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza virus causes the most pandemics and is the most common?

<p>Influenza A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

<p>Myelin sheath damage to nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in the influenza virus is responsible for binding the virus to host cells?

<p>Hemagglutinin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Influenza C from Influenza A and B in terms of its impact?

<p>Results in mild respiratory illness without epidemics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic differentiates a bacteriophage from a human virus?

<p>Infects only bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common symptom shared by malaria and theileria infections?

<p>Headaches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes a disease that can lead to rectal prolapse in children?

<p>Trichuris trichiura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is malaria transmission different from theileria transmission?

<p>Malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes, while theileria is transmitted via ticks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite can cause an infection that survives in skeletal muscles?

<p>Trichinella spiralis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature between trichinosis and trichomonas?

<p>One shows a circle in cells, the other shows a Maltese cross (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes African eye worm disease by moving to the eye and causing retinal damage and blindness?

<p>Wuchereria bancrofti (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for African eye worm disease where a hole is punched in the conjunctiva to remove the worm?

<p>Punching a hole in the conjunctiva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite causes River blindness, transmitted via black fly, resulting in a severe itchy rash and eye infiltration leading to blindness?

<p>Onchocerca volvulus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide, caused by a roundworm infestation?

<p>Ascaris lumbricodes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the parasite that causes Elephantiasis by blocking veins in the legs and causing swelling?

<p>Wuchereria bancrofti (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite is known as the 'Dragon worm' and can be removed by punching a hole in the conjunctiva for treatment?

<p>Dracunculus medinensis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by the animal being hyperactive, thrashing, and biting in the furious stage?

<p>Rabies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of transmission common to both viral hemorrhagic fever and Zika Virus?

<p>Tick or mosquito to human (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease from the list is known to cause microcephaly and brain defects in newborns if contracted during pregnancy?

<p>Zika Virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease causes spongiform encephalitis that turns the brain into a sponge?

<p>Prion Disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in Colorado Tick Fever apart from fever and relief?

<p>Leukopenia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between icosahedral and helical viral structures?

<p>Capsid with central cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of virus acquires its envelope by budding out of infected host cells?

<p>Enveloped virus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique feature of viruses that cause head-tail morphology?

<p>Infect only bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus structure is characterized by being encased in a lipid bilayer membrane?

<p>Enveloped (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining feature of a virus with a complex structure?

<p>Combination of icosahedral and helical shapes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of viruses can cause meningitis?

<p>Enterovirus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom during the paralytic stage of polio?

<p>Pain and stiffness in the neck, back, and limbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post-polio syndrome manifests as new symptoms after how many years?

<p>30-50 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the body is most commonly affected by paralysis in polio cases?

<p>Lower limbs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom seen in individuals infected with Enterovirus ED-68?

<p>Respiratory distress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mode of transmission for Enterovirus ED-68 leading to aseptic meningitis?

<p>Fecal-oral route (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hepatitis is characterized by having no chronic form and mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route?

<p>Hepatitis E (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of liver transplants in the U.S due to hepatitis-related damage?

<p>Hepatitis C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In viral gastroenteritis, which virus attacks nerve cells and can lead to paralysis as a major complication?

<p>Poliovirus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of viral infection is commonly transmitted by blood transfusion and can cause esophageal varices and hemorrhage?

<p>Hepatitis C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which viral disease, when acquired simultaneously with Hepatitis B, is often considered a 'death sentence' due to a higher incidence of liver disease and mortality rate?

<p>Hepatitis D (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hemorrhagic fever in the Ebola family has African fruit bats as its reservoir and exhibits fever cycles following a pattern of high during the day and low at night?

<p>Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing Reyes Syndrome?

<p>Influenza Virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of Stage 1 of Reyes Syndrome?

<p>Rash on palms and feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by Reyes Syndrome?

<p>Children aged 4-12 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in children under 1 year old?

<p>Fuses cells together into syncytia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is responsible for causing croup in young children?

<p>Parainfluenza Virus 1 and 2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of aspirin use in children with viral infections according to the text?

<p>Can lead to severe complications like Reyes Syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between malaria and theileria infections?

<p>Malaria is transmitted via mosquito bites, whereas theileria is transmitted via ticks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) infection and Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) disease?

<p>Whipworm infection causes rectal prolapse in children, while Pinworm disease leads to anemia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) differ from Trichinella Spiralis (Trichinosis) infection?

<p>Pinworm disease affects skeletal muscles, while trichinosis affects the gastrointestinal tract. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Theileria microti protozoan infection from malaria caused by plasmodium?

<p>Theileria microti protozoan is transmitted via ticks and leads to anemia, whereas malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes and causes headaches. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) differ from Theileria microti protozoan infection?

<p>Whipworm causes rectal prolapse, while Theileria causes anemia and meningitis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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