86 Questions
What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?
Allows the virus to enter the cell
What role does neuraminidase play in the influenza virus life cycle?
Releases assembled virions from the host cell
Which process is associated with Antigenic Drift in the influenza virus?
Small changes to avoid antibody binding
What is the main consequence of Antigenic Shift in the influenza virus?
Formation of new influenza A subtypes
What is unique about Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein in the influenza virus?
It allows for both viral entry and exit from host cells
How does Neuraminidase facilitate viral release from host cells?
By cleaving sialic acid and releasing assembled virions
Which virus causes lesions that are rounding and all appear at the same time?
Smallpox virus
What is the secondary effect of measles known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)?
Brain encephalitis
Which virus causes a mild viral infection marked by an occasional fever and pale-pink maculopapular rash?
Rubella virus
What is the distinguishing feature of Fifth's disease, also known as 'slap cheek disease'?
Red, glossy rash on cheeks
When does the swelling of one or more parotid glands typically occur in Mumps?
15-18 days after exposure
Which condition results in testicular swelling and sterility in men as a secondary effect?
Orchitis
Which virus is the major cause of mono, also known as 'the kissing disease'?
HHV4
Which herpes virus is closely related to HHV6 and can cause roseola?
HHV7
What can trigger Guillain-Barre syndrome, according to the text?
HHV5
Which virus is discovered in tumors called Kaposi’s sarcoma found in people with AIDS?
HHV8
Which virus causes neonatal herpes, a life-threatening disease passed from infected mother to newborns?
Herpes virus 1 & 2
What is the main difference between smallpox and chickenpox?
Causative virus
Which virus is known as the 'Orphan virus'?
Echo virus
What is the characteristic feature of Downey cells?
Vacuolated cytoplasm
Which virus is responsible for Hand, Foot, and Mouth disease?
Coxsackie Type A
What type of infection can be caused by Coxsackie Type B virus?
Myocardial and pericardial infection
What is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among all age groups?
Norovirus
Which white blood cell type is most commonly infected in infectious mononucleosis?
Atypical lymphocyte
Which fungal disease mainly occurs in immunocompromised people and is known to cause meningitis?
Cryptococcus Neoformans
What is the common occupation hazard associated with Sporotrichosis?
Gardeners
Which fungal infection is a superbug and has been a concern due to its resistance to multiple antifungal drugs?
Candida Auris
What is the main reason for developing candidiasis of the gut or vaginal tract?
Overuse of antibiotics
Which fungal disease is commonly associated with inhalation of dried pigeon feces in urban environments?
Cryptococcus Neoformans
What is the characteristic symptom of Sporotrichosis that occurs after being exposed to the fungus through contact with rotting wood?
Itchy and inflamed area with purple/blue cottage discharge
What is the most common sexually transmitted infection?
Chlamydia
Which pathogen is responsible for an acute, self-limiting infection that can be transmitted person-to-person?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What infectious disease can be transmitted to humans from infected pet birds or birds consumed as food?
Psittacosis
Which variant of Chlamydia can cause lower respiratory infections?
Chlamydia Psittaci
Which subtype of Chlamydia is MOST FREQUENTLY reported as an STD in the U.S.?
Chlamydia trachomatis
What can lead to infertility in females if left untreated?
Chlamydia
What is the main function of Neuraminidase in the influenza virus?
Helps in releasing the virus from infected cells
Which type of influenza virus causes the most pandemics and is the most common?
Influenza A
What is the main complication associated with Guillain-Barre Syndrome?
Myelin sheath damage to nerves
Which protein in the influenza virus is responsible for binding the virus to host cells?
Hemagglutinin
What differentiates Influenza C from Influenza A and B in terms of its impact?
Results in mild respiratory illness without epidemics
Which characteristic differentiates a bacteriophage from a human virus?
Infects only bacteria
What is the common symptom shared by malaria and theileria infections?
Headaches
Which parasite causes a disease that can lead to rectal prolapse in children?
Trichuris trichiura
How is malaria transmission different from theileria transmission?
Malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes, while theileria is transmitted via ticks
Which parasite can cause an infection that survives in skeletal muscles?
Trichinella spiralis
What is the distinguishing feature between trichinosis and trichomonas?
One shows a circle in cells, the other shows a Maltese cross
Which parasite causes African eye worm disease by moving to the eye and causing retinal damage and blindness?
Wuchereria bancrofti
What is the treatment for African eye worm disease where a hole is punched in the conjunctiva to remove the worm?
Punching a hole in the conjunctiva
Which parasite causes River blindness, transmitted via black fly, resulting in a severe itchy rash and eye infiltration leading to blindness?
Onchocerca volvulus
What is the most common helminth infection of humans worldwide, caused by a roundworm infestation?
Ascaris lumbricodes
What is the name of the parasite that causes Elephantiasis by blocking veins in the legs and causing swelling?
Wuchereria bancrofti
Which parasite is known as the 'Dragon worm' and can be removed by punching a hole in the conjunctiva for treatment?
Dracunculus medinensis
Which disease is characterized by the animal being hyperactive, thrashing, and biting in the furious stage?
Rabies
What is the method of transmission common to both viral hemorrhagic fever and Zika Virus?
Tick or mosquito to human
Which disease from the list is known to cause microcephaly and brain defects in newborns if contracted during pregnancy?
Zika Virus
Which disease causes spongiform encephalitis that turns the brain into a sponge?
Prion Disease
What is a common symptom seen in Colorado Tick Fever apart from fever and relief?
Leukopenia
What is the primary difference between icosahedral and helical viral structures?
Capsid with central cavity
Which type of virus acquires its envelope by budding out of infected host cells?
Enveloped virus
What is the unique feature of viruses that cause head-tail morphology?
Infect only bacteria
Which virus structure is characterized by being encased in a lipid bilayer membrane?
Enveloped
What is the defining feature of a virus with a complex structure?
Combination of icosahedral and helical shapes
What type of viruses can cause meningitis?
Enterovirus
What is the most common symptom during the paralytic stage of polio?
Pain and stiffness in the neck, back, and limbs
Post-polio syndrome manifests as new symptoms after how many years?
30-50 years
Which area of the body is most commonly affected by paralysis in polio cases?
Lower limbs
What is a common symptom seen in individuals infected with Enterovirus ED-68?
Respiratory distress
What is the main mode of transmission for Enterovirus ED-68 leading to aseptic meningitis?
Fecal-oral route
Which type of hepatitis is characterized by having no chronic form and mainly transmitted through the fecal-oral route?
Hepatitis E
What is the primary cause of liver transplants in the U.S due to hepatitis-related damage?
Hepatitis C
In viral gastroenteritis, which virus attacks nerve cells and can lead to paralysis as a major complication?
Poliovirus
Which type of viral infection is commonly transmitted by blood transfusion and can cause esophageal varices and hemorrhage?
Hepatitis C
Which viral disease, when acquired simultaneously with Hepatitis B, is often considered a 'death sentence' due to a higher incidence of liver disease and mortality rate?
Hepatitis D
Which hemorrhagic fever in the Ebola family has African fruit bats as its reservoir and exhibits fever cycles following a pattern of high during the day and low at night?
Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever
Which virus is responsible for causing Reyes Syndrome?
Influenza Virus
What is the primary symptom of Stage 1 of Reyes Syndrome?
Rash on palms and feet
Which age group is most commonly affected by Reyes Syndrome?
Children aged 4-12
What is a characteristic of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infection in children under 1 year old?
Fuses cells together into syncytia
Which virus is responsible for causing croup in young children?
Parainfluenza Virus 1 and 2
What is the significance of aspirin use in children with viral infections according to the text?
Can lead to severe complications like Reyes Syndrome
What is the main difference between malaria and theileria infections?
Malaria is transmitted via mosquito bites, whereas theileria is transmitted via ticks.
What is the key difference between Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) infection and Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) disease?
Whipworm infection causes rectal prolapse in children, while Pinworm disease leads to anemia.
How does Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) differ from Trichinella Spiralis (Trichinosis) infection?
Pinworm disease affects skeletal muscles, while trichinosis affects the gastrointestinal tract.
What distinguishes Theileria microti protozoan infection from malaria caused by plasmodium?
Theileria microti protozoan is transmitted via ticks and leads to anemia, whereas malaria is transmitted via mosquitoes and causes headaches.
How does Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm) differ from Theileria microti protozoan infection?
Whipworm causes rectal prolapse, while Theileria causes anemia and meningitis.
This quiz covers the characteristics and distinctions between chickenpox, smallpox, rubeola (measles), and sneezles. Learn about the appearance of lesions, transmission methods, associated symptoms, and secondary effects of each virus.
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