Dietetic Treatment by Dr. Eman Shahin

Questions and Answers

Which diet would be most appropriate for a patient with renal disease and edema?

Restricted-sodium diet

In which condition would a high-calcium and high-phosphorus diet be desirable?

Rickets

When is a restricted-potassium diet typically prescribed?

Renal disease with edema

Which diet would be most suitable for a patient with actue lead poisoning?

High-calcium diet Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nutritional anemia, which diet would be recommended?

High-iron diet Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with hypertension, which diet modification is typically prescribed?

Restricted-sodium diet Signup and view all the answers

Why would a high-vitamin diet be recommended for a patient diagnosed with night blindness?

To combat osteomalacia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition would necessitate a high-iron diet?

Nutritional anemia Signup and view all the answers

In what condition would a high-vitamin diet specifically containing vitamin K be beneficial?

Liver and gallbladder disease Signup and view all the answers

Which diet modification would be most suitable for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver with ascites?

Restricted-sodium diet Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dietetic Treatment

Refers to diet therapy or diet in disease, involving modification or adaptation of the normal diet according to individual needs.

Causes of Dietetic Treatment

To maintain or improve nutritional status
To improve clinical or subclinical nutritional deficiencies
To maintain, increase, or decrease body weight
To rest certain organs or the whole body
To eliminate certain food constituents to which the individual may be allergic
To adjust the composition of the normal diet to meet the body's ability to adjust, metabolize, and excrete certain nutrients and other substances

The Diet Prescription

Written in terms of energy requirements based on individual's weight and activity
Requirements for protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins, and fiber
Consideration for increased or decreased needs for each due to the patient's illness

From Basic to Therapeutic Diet

Increase or decrease in energy value (kilocalories)
Increase or decrease in fiber
Increase or decrease in specific nutrients
Increase or decrease in specific food or types of food (e.g., allergens, fried foods, or gas-forming foods)
Modification to soft or liquid diet

Examples of Therapeutic Diets

Modifications in consistency:
- Tube feeding for patients with esophageal obstruction or severe burns
- Restricted-residue diet for patients with gastritis, Crohn's disease, severe diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, or typhoid fever
Modifications in carbohydrate, protein, and fat:
- Diabetic diet to minimize hyperglycemia and glucosuria and maintain ideal body weight
- Low-calorie diet for weight loss in individuals with cardiovascular and renal diseases, hypertension, gallbladder disease, gout, or hypothyroidism
- Restricted-fat diet for patients with liver, gallbladder, or pancreatic disease
- Fat-controlled, low-cholesterol diet for individuals with elevated blood cholesterol and atherosclerosis
Modifications in protein:
- Restricted-protein diet for patients in hepatic coma or with chronic uremia, renal disease, or liver disease
- Gluten-free diet for individuals with celiac disease
- Restricted-purine diet to decrease blood uric acid level in gout
- High-protein diet to correct protein inadequacy from any source
Modifications in carbohydrate:
- Lactose-free diet for patients with total or partial inability to metabolize milk sugar
- Dumping syndrome diet for patients who have had a gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery
Modifications in electrolytes and minerals:
- Restricted-sodium diet for patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension, renal disease with edema, cirrhosis of the liver with ascites, preeclampsia, and eclampsia
- Restricted-potassium diet when potassium is not being excreted properly from the body
- High-calcium and high-phosphorus diet for rickets, osteomalacia, tetany, dental caries, and acute lead poisoning
- High-iron diet for nutritional and hemorrhagic anemia
- High-vitamin diet for specific vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin A for night blindness, vitamin D for rickets and osteomalacia, and vitamin K for liver and gallbladder disease