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Questions and Answers
Which diet would be most appropriate for a patient with renal disease and edema?
Which diet would be most appropriate for a patient with renal disease and edema?
- High-vitamin diet
- Restricted-sodium diet (correct)
- High-iron diet
- High-calcium diet
In which condition would a high-calcium and high-phosphorus diet be desirable?
In which condition would a high-calcium and high-phosphorus diet be desirable?
- Rickets (correct)
- Dental caries
- Hemorrhagic anemia
- Nutritional anemia
When is a restricted-potassium diet typically prescribed?
When is a restricted-potassium diet typically prescribed?
- Renal disease with edema (correct)
- Acute lead poisoning
- Preeclampsia
- Rickets
Which diet would be most suitable for a patient with actue lead poisoning?
Which diet would be most suitable for a patient with actue lead poisoning?
In the context of nutritional anemia, which diet would be recommended?
In the context of nutritional anemia, which diet would be recommended?
For a patient with hypertension, which diet modification is typically prescribed?
For a patient with hypertension, which diet modification is typically prescribed?
Why would a high-vitamin diet be recommended for a patient diagnosed with night blindness?
Why would a high-vitamin diet be recommended for a patient diagnosed with night blindness?
Which condition would necessitate a high-iron diet?
Which condition would necessitate a high-iron diet?
In what condition would a high-vitamin diet specifically containing vitamin K be beneficial?
In what condition would a high-vitamin diet specifically containing vitamin K be beneficial?
Which diet modification would be most suitable for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver with ascites?
Which diet modification would be most suitable for a patient with cirrhosis of the liver with ascites?
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Study Notes
Dietetic Treatment
- Refers to diet therapy or diet in disease, involving modification or adaptation of the normal diet according to individual needs.
Causes of Dietetic Treatment
- To maintain or improve nutritional status
- To improve clinical or subclinical nutritional deficiencies
- To maintain, increase, or decrease body weight
- To rest certain organs or the whole body
- To eliminate certain food constituents to which the individual may be allergic
- To adjust the composition of the normal diet to meet the body's ability to adjust, metabolize, and excrete certain nutrients and other substances
The Diet Prescription
- Written in terms of energy requirements based on individual's weight and activity
- Requirements for protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins, and fiber
- Consideration for increased or decreased needs for each due to the patient's illness
From Basic to Therapeutic Diet
- Increase or decrease in energy value (kilocalories)
- Increase or decrease in fiber
- Increase or decrease in specific nutrients
- Increase or decrease in specific food or types of food (e.g., allergens, fried foods, or gas-forming foods)
- Modification to soft or liquid diet
Examples of Therapeutic Diets
- Modifications in consistency:
- Tube feeding for patients with esophageal obstruction or severe burns
- Restricted-residue diet for patients with gastritis, Crohn's disease, severe diarrhea, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, or typhoid fever
- Modifications in carbohydrate, protein, and fat:
- Diabetic diet to minimize hyperglycemia and glucosuria and maintain ideal body weight
- Low-calorie diet for weight loss in individuals with cardiovascular and renal diseases, hypertension, gallbladder disease, gout, or hypothyroidism
- Restricted-fat diet for patients with liver, gallbladder, or pancreatic disease
- Fat-controlled, low-cholesterol diet for individuals with elevated blood cholesterol and atherosclerosis
- Modifications in protein:
- Restricted-protein diet for patients in hepatic coma or with chronic uremia, renal disease, or liver disease
- Gluten-free diet for individuals with celiac disease
- Restricted-purine diet to decrease blood uric acid level in gout
- High-protein diet to correct protein inadequacy from any source
- Modifications in carbohydrate:
- Lactose-free diet for patients with total or partial inability to metabolize milk sugar
- Dumping syndrome diet for patients who have had a gastrectomy or gastric bypass surgery
- Modifications in electrolytes and minerals:
- Restricted-sodium diet for patients with congestive heart failure, hypertension, renal disease with edema, cirrhosis of the liver with ascites, preeclampsia, and eclampsia
- Restricted-potassium diet when potassium is not being excreted properly from the body
- High-calcium and high-phosphorus diet for rickets, osteomalacia, tetany, dental caries, and acute lead poisoning
- High-iron diet for nutritional and hemorrhagic anemia
- High-vitamin diet for specific vitamin deficiencies, such as vitamin A for night blindness, vitamin D for rickets and osteomalacia, and vitamin K for liver and gallbladder disease
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