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Questions and Answers
What information does the Nutrition Facts Panel provide?
What information does the Nutrition Facts Panel provide?
Which of the following classes of nutrients is considered a macronutrient?
Which of the following classes of nutrients is considered a macronutrient?
What is required to be listed on the Nutrition Facts Panel?
What is required to be listed on the Nutrition Facts Panel?
Which of the following best describes micronutrients?
Which of the following best describes micronutrients?
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What role does a nutritious diet play in relation to chronic diseases?
What role does a nutritious diet play in relation to chronic diseases?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a phytochemical?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a phytochemical?
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What does the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 primarily allow manufacturers to do?
What does the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 primarily allow manufacturers to do?
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Which of the following factors is considered a risk factor for chronic diseases?
Which of the following factors is considered a risk factor for chronic diseases?
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Which phytochemical is known for its presence in red chili peppers?
Which phytochemical is known for its presence in red chili peppers?
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In the context of health, what do lifestyle factors encompass?
In the context of health, what do lifestyle factors encompass?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes a dietary supplement?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a dietary supplement?
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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor affecting Jamaicans’ health?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor affecting Jamaicans’ health?
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Which group of phytochemicals includes substances such as fruit and vegetable pigments?
Which group of phytochemicals includes substances such as fruit and vegetable pigments?
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What is malnutrition primarily characterized by?
What is malnutrition primarily characterized by?
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What health condition is most commonly associated with overnutrition?
What health condition is most commonly associated with overnutrition?
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How does the field of nutrition develop over time?
How does the field of nutrition develop over time?
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What is a common misconception about malnutrition?
What is a common misconception about malnutrition?
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What factors should be considered when evaluating nutrition research?
What factors should be considered when evaluating nutrition research?
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What is the primary factor that contributes to the energy density of food?
What is the primary factor that contributes to the energy density of food?
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Which type of food is generally not considered energy-dense?
Which type of food is generally not considered energy-dense?
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What does moderation in eating refer to?
What does moderation in eating refer to?
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How many total calories do the nutrients in the hamburger add up to?
How many total calories do the nutrients in the hamburger add up to?
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What is an example of a food combination that is both nutrient-dense and energy-dense?
What is an example of a food combination that is both nutrient-dense and energy-dense?
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In evaluating energy density, how is it typically measured?
In evaluating energy density, how is it typically measured?
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Which food would likely have the highest energy density?
Which food would likely have the highest energy density?
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What is one way to incorporate more nutrient-dense foods into your diet?
What is one way to incorporate more nutrient-dense foods into your diet?
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What is meant by the term 'physiological dose'?
What is meant by the term 'physiological dose'?
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What defines a 'megadose' of a nutrient?
What defines a 'megadose' of a nutrient?
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Why should dietary supplements not be seen as substitutes for nutrient-dense foods?
Why should dietary supplements not be seen as substitutes for nutrient-dense foods?
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How can individuals ensure their diet is nutritionally adequate?
How can individuals ensure their diet is nutritionally adequate?
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Which statement about nutrients and disease is accurate?
Which statement about nutrients and disease is accurate?
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What effect can processing foods have on nutrients?
What effect can processing foods have on nutrients?
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Why is there no 'one size fits all' approach to diet?
Why is there no 'one size fits all' approach to diet?
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What role do functional foods serve in diet?
What role do functional foods serve in diet?
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Study Notes
Dietary Supplements
- The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) allows manufacturers to classify nutrient supplements and certain herbal products as foods (not drugs).
- DSHEA defines a dietary supplement as a product (excluding tobacco) that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product, an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake.
Factors That Influence Jamaicans' Health
- Lifestyle: a person's usual way of living, including dietary practices and physical activity habits.
- Risk factors for chronic diseases include:
- Poor dietary practices
- Lack of physical activity
- Drug use, particularly tobacco and alcohol use
- Genetics, family history, and age
- Environmental conditions
- Psychological factors
Healthy People 2030
- It is a report by the U.S. that sets national health objectives for the decade.
- It also contains information on key beneficial nutrients.
Nutrient Densities
- Nutrient density measures the amount of nutrients per calorie.
- Foods that are high in nutrients and low in calories are considered nutrient-dense.
Energy In Food
- Energy in food is measured in kilocalories (kcal).
- Carbohydrates provide 4 kcal per gram
- Fats provide 9 kcal per gram
- Proteins provide 4 kcal per gram
- Alcohol provides 7 kcal per gram
Energy Density
- Energy density refers to the energy value of a food in relation to its weight.
- Foods with high water content (for example, most fruits and vegetables) are generally low in energy density.
- Some foods are both nutrient-dense and energy-dense, such as nuts and nut butters.
Enjoying Eating All Foods in Moderation
- Moderation means obtaining adequate amounts of nutrients while balancing calorie intake with calorie expenditure.
- Choose nutrient-dense foods and limit serving sizes of energy-dense foods.
- Incorporate moderate-to-vigorous physical activities into your daily routine.
Range of Safe Intake
- Physiological dose: the amount of a nutrient that is within the range of safe intake and enables the body to function optimally.
- Megadose: the amount of a nutrient (e.g., vitamin or mineral) that greatly exceeds the recommended amount.
Food as the Best Source of Nutrients and Phytochemicals
- Dietary supplements should not be considered substitutes for nutrient-dense foods.
- The most natural, reliable, and economical way to ensure a healthy diet is to eat a variety of "whole" and minimally processed foods.
- Processing (including refinement) often removes nutrients and other beneficial food components.
Individualized Nutrition
- There is no "one size fits all" approach to planning a nutritionally adequate diet.
- Use food guides to individualize your diet based on your likes and dislikes, budget, and lifestyle.
- Medical nutrition therapies are special diets designed to meet the needs of people with chronic illnesses.
- Even the nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different stages of their lives.
Foods and Nutrients are Not Cure-Alls
- Nutrients do not cure ailments other than nutrient deficiencies.
- Diet is only one aspect of life that influences health.
- Functional foods are made to boost nutrient intakes, reduce the risk of disease, or manage specific health problems.
Malnutrition Includes Undernutrition as Well as Overnutrition
- Malnutrition is the state of health that occurs when the body is improperly nourished.
- Malnutrition can result from inadequate or excessive amounts of nutrients.
- Overnutrition results from long-term excesses of energy or nutrient intake, often characterized by obesity (excess energy).
Nutrition is a Dynamic Science
- As researchers continue to explore the complex relationships between diets and health, nutrition information constantly evolves.
- Dietary practices and recommendations often change as new scientific information becomes available and is reviewed and accepted by nutrition experts.
- It is important to evaluate research results published in scientific journals.
Nutrition Facts Panel
- Provides information about energy and nutrients in packaged foods.
- Indicates serving size and the number of servings in the package.
- Required to list the following:
- Total fat, saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol
- Sodium
- Total carbohydrate, fiber, sugars
- Protein
- Vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron
Summary
- Nutrition refers to the scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them.
- A nutritious diet plus regular exercise may reduce your chances of developing chronic diseases.
- There are six classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, lipids (including fats), proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.
- Nonnutritients, including phytochemicals, may be beneficial to human health.
- Macronutrients are classes of nutrients that provide energy and are needed in relatively large amounts by the body.
- Micronutrients are needed in relatively small amounts by the body, and they do not supply energy.
- Choosing a variety of foods and eating them in moderation can help ensure the nutritional adequacy of a diet.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of dietary supplements, their definition under the DSHEA, and the various factors influencing health in Jamaica. This quiz also covers national health objectives highlighted in Healthy People 2030. Test your knowledge on nutrition and health education!
