77 Questions
According to the regulation, what is required to ban a product?
Imminent hazard to consumers
What type of claim is allowed on a dietary supplement label?
Health maintenance claim, e.g., 'Maintains a healthy urinary tract'
Under DSHEA, what is a dietary supplement?
A product including vitamins, minerals, herbs, or amino acids, labeled as a dietary supplement
What is required to accompany all claims on a dietary supplement label?
A disclaimer stating the claim has not been evaluated by the FDA
What is the purpose of the Office of Dietary Supplement Programs?
To oversee the regulation of dietary supplements
What is the role of the FDA in regulating dietary supplements under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?
The FDA has the authority to remove unsafe products from the market, but does not review products before they are introduced.
What is required of manufacturers under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?
They are responsible for substantiating claims made about their products if challenged.
What is the main difference between a dietary supplement and a conventional food?
Dietary supplements are intended to supplement the diet, while conventional foods are intended to provide nutrition.
What is the purpose of good manufacturing practices (GMPs) in the regulation of dietary supplements?
To ensure the purity and potency of dietary supplements.
What is the primary goal of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?
To promote the maintenance of health using structure/function claims.
What type of warning did the FDA issue for Hyland Teething products?
Voluntary recall
What is the primary concern related to Fish Oil/Omega-3 fatty acids?
Bleeding risk
What is the recommended daily dose of Fish Oil/Omega-3 fatty acids?
1-4 grams
What is the primary mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba?
All of the above
Why should Ginkgo biloba be discontinued prior to surgery?
Due to increased risk of bleeding
What is the primary mechanism of action of St. John's Wort in relation to neurotransmitters?
Inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake
What is a potential adverse effect of St. John's Wort that is not commonly seen with other antidepressants?
Photosensitivity
Which of the following medications is likely to have its metabolism increased by St. John's Wort?
All of the above
What is the primary concern with the use of Kava in pregnancy?
Teratogenic risk
What is the effect of St. John's Wort on digoxin levels?
Decreases digoxin levels by 25%
What is the purpose of the USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program?
To test products submitted voluntarily by manufacturers
What is the purpose of the statement 'This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease'?
To disclaim any therapeutic benefits
What type of contaminants are commonly found in herbal remedies?
All of the above
What is the purpose of Consumerlab.com?
To provide independent testing and evaluation of dietary supplements
What is the risk associated with animal-origin products in dietary supplements?
Transmission of diseases from diseased animals
How does the FDA regulate probiotics in the United States?
As a dietary supplement, drug, or food, with no approved health claims
What is a limitation of the early studies on probiotics?
Lack of strong clinical evidence
What is a safety concern related to probiotics?
Limited availability of safety data
What is a crucial aspect of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance for probiotics?
Facility design and equipment maintenance
What is a key factor in the classification of probiotics as a dietary supplement, drug, or food?
Intended use of the product
What is the mechanism of action of allicin in garlic?
Interfering with thromboxane synthesis
What is a potential drug interaction of garlic supplements?
Warfarin
What is the recommended duration of ginseng use?
Up to 3 consecutive months
What is the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in ginseng?
Exhibiting steroid-like actions
What is a common adverse experience of melatonin supplements?
Dizziness
What is the typical dose range of melatonin supplements for insomnia?
0.5-5 mg
What is the recommended duration of garlic supplement cessation before dental surgery?
7-14 days
What is a benefit of melatonin supplements in cancer patients?
Increased immune function
What is a potential effect of garlic supplements on cholesterol levels?
Decrease in total cholesterol
What is a potential interaction of ginseng supplements with warfarin?
Increased risk of bleeding
What action is taken if there is an “imminent hazard” related to a dietary supplement?
Ban the product
What is the purpose of the disclaimer on dietary supplement labels?
To disclaimer any health claims made by the manufacturer
What is not allowed on a dietary supplement label?
Disease claims
What is the main difference between a dietary supplement and a conventional food?
Dietary supplements can be represented as a food or drug
What is the purpose of the Office of Dietary Supplement Programs?
To regulate dietary supplements
What type of claim is not allowed on a dietary supplement label?
Express disease claim
What is the purpose of the regulation of dietary supplements under DSHEA?
To ensure the safety of dietary supplements
What is a common contaminant found in herbal remedies, which is also a type of bacteria?
E. coli
Which of the following is NOT a type of contaminant found in non-herbal remedies?
Microorganisms
What is the primary mechanism of action of allicin in garlic?
Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
What is the purpose of the seal of approval from Consumerlab.com?
To verify the safety of dietary supplements
What is the primary concern related to the use of animal-origin products in dietary supplements?
Mad cow disease
What is the primary effect of ginseng on platelet aggregation?
Inhibition
Which of the following is a type of drug that may be found as an adulterant in herbal remedies?
All of the above
What is the recommended duration of melatonin supplementation for insomnia?
1-3 months
What is the purpose of the USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program?
To test products for contaminants and adulterants
What is the potential effect of garlic supplements on cholesterol levels?
Reduction
What is the significance of the NEJM 2002;347:2046-56 publication?
It highlighted the risk of contaminants in non-herbal remedies
What is the primary concern with the use of ginseng supplements in conjunction with warfarin?
Bleeding risk
What is the mechanism of action of melatonin in regulating sleep?
Regulation of sleep cycle
What is the recommended duration of garlic supplement cessation before dental surgery?
7-14 days
What was the global sales value of the probiotics market in 2011?
24 B USD
What is the primary mechanism of action of oral probiotics in caries prevention?
Competing with cariogenic bacteria for adhesion sites
What is a limitation of early studies on probiotics?
Methodological limitations
What is the primary effect of feverfew on platelet function?
Irreversible platelet inhibition
What is the recommended daily dose of evening primrose?
3 gm qd
What is the primary use of valerian?
Sedative effect
What is the primary mechanism of action of vitamin E?
Antioxidant effect
What is a potential adverse effect of St. John's Wort?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the primary mechanism of action of oral probiotics in gingivitis?
Competing with periodontal bacteria for adhesion sites
What is the primary mechanism of action of St. John's Wort in relation to neurotransmitters?
Inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake
What is the primary concern with the use of St. John's Wort in pregnancy?
Risk of teratogenicity
What is the effect of St. John's Wort on the metabolism of alprazolam?
Increases the metabolism of alprazolam
What is the recommended daily dose of St. John's Wort for depression?
600-1200 mg
What is the primary mechanism of action of Kava in relation to neurotransmitters?
Potentiates GABA inhibitory transmission
What is the primary concern with the use of Kava in heavy users?
Risk of kava dermopathy
What is the effect of St. John's Wort on the levels of digoxin?
Decreases the levels of digoxin
This quiz covers complementary health approaches, dietary supplements, natural products, and their regulation. It also discusses frequently used natural products, such as probiotics, and the use of complementary health approaches among adults and children.
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