Dietary Supplements

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Questions and Answers

According to the regulation, what is required to ban a product?

  • Failure to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs)
  • Significant or unreasonable risk to consumers
  • Imminent hazard to consumers (correct)
  • False or misleading labeling or advertising

What type of claim is allowed on a dietary supplement label?

  • Structure/function claim, e.g., 'Supports immune system'
  • Health maintenance claim, e.g., 'Maintains a healthy urinary tract' (correct)
  • Express disease claim, e.g., 'Treats diabetes'
  • Implied disease claim, e.g., 'Controls blood sugars'

Under DSHEA, what is a dietary supplement?

  • A product that requires FDA pre-approval
  • A product that can be represented as a food or drug
  • A product that must be formulated as a capsule or tablet
  • A product including vitamins, minerals, herbs, or amino acids, labeled as a dietary supplement (correct)

What is required to accompany all claims on a dietary supplement label?

<p>A disclaimer stating the claim has not been evaluated by the FDA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Office of Dietary Supplement Programs?

<p>To oversee the regulation of dietary supplements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the FDA in regulating dietary supplements under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?

<p>The FDA has the authority to remove unsafe products from the market, but does not review products before they are introduced. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required of manufacturers under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?

<p>They are responsible for substantiating claims made about their products if challenged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a dietary supplement and a conventional food?

<p>Dietary supplements are intended to supplement the diet, while conventional foods are intended to provide nutrition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of good manufacturing practices (GMPs) in the regulation of dietary supplements?

<p>To ensure the purity and potency of dietary supplements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?

<p>To promote the maintenance of health using structure/function claims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of warning did the FDA issue for Hyland Teething products?

<p>Voluntary recall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern related to Fish Oil/Omega-3 fatty acids?

<p>Bleeding risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily dose of Fish Oil/Omega-3 fatty acids?

<p>1-4 grams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Ginkgo biloba?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should Ginkgo biloba be discontinued prior to surgery?

<p>Due to increased risk of bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of St. John's Wort in relation to neurotransmitters?

<p>Inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of St. John's Wort that is not commonly seen with other antidepressants?

<p>Photosensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is likely to have its metabolism increased by St. John's Wort?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with the use of Kava in pregnancy?

<p>Teratogenic risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of St. John's Wort on digoxin levels?

<p>Decreases digoxin levels by 25% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program?

<p>To test products submitted voluntarily by manufacturers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the statement 'This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease'?

<p>To disclaim any therapeutic benefits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contaminants are commonly found in herbal remedies?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Consumerlab.com?

<p>To provide independent testing and evaluation of dietary supplements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with animal-origin products in dietary supplements?

<p>Transmission of diseases from diseased animals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the FDA regulate probiotics in the United States?

<p>As a dietary supplement, drug, or food, with no approved health claims (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the early studies on probiotics?

<p>Lack of strong clinical evidence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a safety concern related to probiotics?

<p>Limited availability of safety data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance for probiotics?

<p>Facility design and equipment maintenance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor in the classification of probiotics as a dietary supplement, drug, or food?

<p>Intended use of the product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of allicin in garlic?

<p>Interfering with thromboxane synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drug interaction of garlic supplements?

<p>Warfarin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of ginseng use?

<p>Up to 3 consecutive months (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in ginseng?

<p>Exhibiting steroid-like actions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse experience of melatonin supplements?

<p>Dizziness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical dose range of melatonin supplements for insomnia?

<p>0.5-5 mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of garlic supplement cessation before dental surgery?

<p>7-14 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of melatonin supplements in cancer patients?

<p>Increased immune function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of garlic supplements on cholesterol levels?

<p>Decrease in total cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential interaction of ginseng supplements with warfarin?

<p>Increased risk of bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is taken if there is an “imminent hazard” related to a dietary supplement?

<p>Ban the product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the disclaimer on dietary supplement labels?

<p>To disclaimer any health claims made by the manufacturer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not allowed on a dietary supplement label?

<p>Disease claims (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a dietary supplement and a conventional food?

<p>Dietary supplements can be represented as a food or drug (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Office of Dietary Supplement Programs?

<p>To regulate dietary supplements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of claim is not allowed on a dietary supplement label?

<p>Express disease claim (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the regulation of dietary supplements under DSHEA?

<p>To ensure the safety of dietary supplements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common contaminant found in herbal remedies, which is also a type of bacteria?

<p>E. coli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of contaminant found in non-herbal remedies?

<p>Microorganisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of allicin in garlic?

<p>Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the seal of approval from Consumerlab.com?

<p>To verify the safety of dietary supplements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern related to the use of animal-origin products in dietary supplements?

<p>Mad cow disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of ginseng on platelet aggregation?

<p>Inhibition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of drug that may be found as an adulterant in herbal remedies?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of melatonin supplementation for insomnia?

<p>1-3 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program?

<p>To test products for contaminants and adulterants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of garlic supplements on cholesterol levels?

<p>Reduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the NEJM 2002;347:2046-56 publication?

<p>It highlighted the risk of contaminants in non-herbal remedies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with the use of ginseng supplements in conjunction with warfarin?

<p>Bleeding risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of melatonin in regulating sleep?

<p>Regulation of sleep cycle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of garlic supplement cessation before dental surgery?

<p>7-14 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the global sales value of the probiotics market in 2011?

<p>24 B USD (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of oral probiotics in caries prevention?

<p>Competing with cariogenic bacteria for adhesion sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of early studies on probiotics?

<p>Methodological limitations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of feverfew on platelet function?

<p>Irreversible platelet inhibition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily dose of evening primrose?

<p>3 gm qd (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of valerian?

<p>Sedative effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of vitamin E?

<p>Antioxidant effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of St. John's Wort?

<p>Hepatotoxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of oral probiotics in gingivitis?

<p>Competing with periodontal bacteria for adhesion sites (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of St. John's Wort in relation to neurotransmitters?

<p>Inhibits serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine reuptake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with the use of St. John's Wort in pregnancy?

<p>Risk of teratogenicity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of St. John's Wort on the metabolism of alprazolam?

<p>Increases the metabolism of alprazolam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily dose of St. John's Wort for depression?

<p>600-1200 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Kava in relation to neurotransmitters?

<p>Potentiates GABA inhibitory transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with the use of Kava in heavy users?

<p>Risk of kava dermopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of St. John's Wort on the levels of digoxin?

<p>Decreases the levels of digoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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