Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is considered a dietary supplement?

Probiotic Yogurt

Kombucha

Vitamin D (correct)

Turmeric

What is a primary function of probiotics found in functional foods?

Support gut health (correct)

Boost energy levels

Improve cognitive function

Reduce inflammation

What distinguishes nutraceuticals from health supplements?

Health supplements include functional foods.

Health supplements contain bioactive compounds.

Nutraceuticals can target specific health benefits. (correct)

Nutraceuticals provide basic nutrition only.

Which of the following nutrients is commonly found in fortified cereals?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which herbal extract is known for its anti-inflammatory properties?

Curcumin from Turmeric Signup and view all the answers

Which functional beverage is known for being rich in antioxidants and probiotics?

Kombucha Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is typically added to orange juice for its health benefits?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is listed as an example of a dietary supplement?

Lysine Signup and view all the answers

Which product is produced by churning cream?

Butter Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary ingredient used to make yogurt?

Whole milk Signup and view all the answers

What is the fat content range of skim milk?

0.1-0.3% Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is commonly used in yogurt production?

Streptococcus thermophilus Signup and view all the answers

Which milk product is a liquid left behind after butter is made?

Buttermilk Signup and view all the answers

How is ghee prepared?

By simmering butter and removing residue Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes cream from regular milk?

Higher fat content Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following products is known to have probiotic microbes?

Buttermilk Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a milk allergy in most children?

Casein protein in cow's milk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with a quick reaction to milk allergies?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of childhood allergies is cow's milk responsible for?

90% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with a slow reaction to a milk allergy?

Wheezing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between meat and poultry?

Meat comes from mammals while poultry comes from birds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered poultry?

Pork Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are symptoms of milk allergy?

Abdominal cramps, skin rash, failure to thrive Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction can be caused by a milk allergy that is rare but serious?

Anaphylactic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason for maintaining food hygiene?

To protect consumers and reputation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is at higher risk for food poisoning?

Pregnant mothers Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of food poisoning cases is related to inadequate hand washing?

33% Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in creating a food safety system?

Cleaning and sanitising Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of food poisoning?

Immediate increase in hunger Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to determine if food is contaminated?

Contamination cannot be seen, tasted, or smelled Signup and view all the answers

What critical personal practice is important for food hygiene?

Regular hand washing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a failure in food hygiene?

Cross-contamination of food Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following seafood dishes is typically not considered a popular option in the United States?

Fish Tacos Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fat is characterized as unsaturated?

Peanut oil Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of fats present in foods?

Saturated, unsaturated, and trans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods is categorized as a legume?

Peanuts Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient is not a source of animal fat?

Olive oil Signup and view all the answers

Identify the distinguishing feature between legumes and cereals.

Legumes are known for seeds containing high amounts of protein. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vegetable oils is derived from a seed?

Peanut oil Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of important cereals?

They belong to the Poaceae family. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crops is commonly grown on a plantation?

Rubber Signup and view all the answers

What type of baking uses heat from an oven to cook baked goods?

Oven Baking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not considered a main ingredient in baking?

Olive Oil Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of leavening agents in baking?

Create texture and rise Signup and view all the answers

Which flavoring ingredient is known for its sweet and aromatic properties?

Cinnamon Signup and view all the answers

What defines a fruit according to the content provided?

Portion that develops from a flower and contains seeds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a principle of baking?

Flavoring Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about vegetables is true?

They consist of edible stems, leaves, and roots. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Food Science

Nutraceuticals combine nutrition and pharmaceuticals, offering health benefits beyond nutrition.
They are often marketed as dietary supplements, functional foods, or medicinal foods.
Nutraceuticals include omega-3 fatty acids, probiotics, and antioxidants.

Examples of Nutraceuticals

Dietary Supplements: Vitamins (e.g., Vitamin D, Vitamin C), Minerals (e.g., Calcium, Magnesium), Amino Acids (e.g., Glutamine, Lysine), Omega-3 Fatty Acids (found in fish oil).
Functional Foods: Probiotic yogurt, fortified cereals, plant-based milk with added calcium.

Herbal Extracts

Green Tea Extract: Contains antioxidants, supporting metabolism and reducing inflammation.
Turmeric: Contains curcumin, an anti-inflammatory compound aiding joint health.
Ginseng: Used to boost energy and enhance focus.

Nutraceuticals vs. Health Supplements

Nutraceuticals: Food-derived products offering health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often used for preventive or therapeutic purposes. Includes functional foods, fortified foods, dietary supplements, herbal products with bioactive compounds.
Health Supplements: Products designed to supplement the diet with isolated nutrients (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes). Usually in tablet, capsule, powder, or liquid form. Aim at preventing or correcting nutritional deficiencies, supporting general health, without direct therapeutic claims.

Food Science

Food science encompasses many applications, developing new food products, optimizing food processing and preservation, ensuring food safety and quality, and creating safety regulations and standards.
Food technology applies food science to the selection, preservation, processing, and packaging of safe food, and its distribution.
Food science includes growing, storing, processing, distributing, and packaging food.

Food Hygiene

Food hygiene involves measures ensuring food safety and preventing harm to consumers:
Hygienic food intake is crucial for preventing foodborne illnesses, which can be caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites, or chemicals. Symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and even death.
Food hygiene or food safety is the handling, preparing, and storing of food/drink to reduce the risk of consumers becoming sick.
Food hygiene is essential for maintaining healthy food practices in any food handling industry.

Importance of Food Hygiene

Food hygiene prevents germs from multiplying, ensuring daily healthy living.
Maintaining good personal hygiene, particularly hand washing, contributes to preventing food-borne illnesses.
Good food hygiene practice prevents high medical costs from food poisoning.

Food Safety Pillars

Cleaning and Sanitizing: Fundamental aspect in creating a food safety system.
Personal Hygiene: Eliminating cross-contamination by practicing hand washing and following clean hygiene practices, vital in eliminating cross-contamination and ensuring food safety.
Food Storage: Categorizing food based on perishable and non-perishable characteristics.
Temperature Control: Preventing bacterial growth and maintaining food quality by adhering to safe temperatures during food preparation and storage.
Food Handling: Appropriately handling food during storage and preparation to prevent cross-contamination. Emphasizes the importance of hygiene when handling food.

Role of Pharmacists in the Food Sector

Food Safety and Quality Control: Knowledge of biochemistry and toxicology ensures food is free from contaminants. Pharmacists assist with product testing, ensuring ingredient integrity.
Nutraceuticals and Functional Food Development: Help formulate nutraceuticals, including functional foods and dietary supplements, ensuring safe and effective dosages and ingredient interactions.
Regulatory Affairs and Compliance: Familiar with regulatory requirements by bodies like the FDA and EFSA. Responsible for labeling and ingredient disclosure, aiding transparency and trust.
Research and Development: Innovating food products with better absorption, taste, and bioavailability by understanding ingredients, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics.
Public Health and Nutrition Counseling: Educate the public on healthy food choices, dietary supplements and safe practices. May work with healthcare teams to support patients with food-drug interactions, deficiencies, and safe supplement use.
Risk Assessment and Management: Assesses risks related to food ingredients, allergens, preservatives. Guides on safe consumption practices.

Milk and Milk Products

Composition of milk includes water, proteins (casein and whey), fat, carbohydrates (lactose), vitamins, minerals, and enzymes.
Milk products include colostrum (produced after parturition), whole milk, dry milk, evaporated milk, condensed milk, fortified milk, flavored milk, organic milk, skim milk, and many others.

Various Milk Products

Fermented Milk Products: Butter, ghee, buttermilk, yogurt, and cheese. These are made through fermentation processes.
Non-Fermented Milk Products: Cream and Khoa. Created primarily through separating the fat from whole milk or evaporating the milk in open pans, respectively.

Milk Processing

The three primary steps in milk processing include:
Pasteurization: Eliminating pathogens to enhance shelf life. Milk is heated to lower temperatures (often less than 100°C) for a specified period.
Homogenization: Preventing the fat droplets from separating from the milk, ensuring a smooth, uniform texture.
Fortification: Increasing nutritional value of milk adding nutrients like vitamin A and vitamin D.

Lactose Intolerance: Inability to digest lactose (milk sugar) due to a deficiency in lactase enzyme. Common symptoms include bloating, abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea.
Cow's Milk Allergy: Immune reaction to proteins in cow's milk. Usually manifests as allergic reactions in young children.

Meat and Poultry

Meat includes beef, mutton/lamb, veal and pork.
Poultry includes chicken, turkeys, ducks.
Poultry is leaner than other types of meat in general.

Seafood

Includes fish, shellfish, crustaceans.
Seafood is a source of high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals.
Seafood may help reduce risk of diseases like heart disease.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).
Omega-3 fatty acids offer numerous health benefits, including heart health, diabetes control, and potential benefits against cancer.

Vitamins and Minerals in Seafood

Seafood is a strong source of B-complex vitamins, niacin, B12 and B6.
Excellent sources of minerals like calcium, iron, zinc, Selenium, Copper, Potassium, Iodine and Phosphorus.

Popular Seafood Dishes

Fruits and Vegetables

Fruits are the edible portion of plants that develop from flowers, typically containing seeds.
Vegetables are the edible parts of plants, including leaves, stems, bulbs, and roots.
Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber, promoting health.

Fibers

Non-digestible carbohydrates.
Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can be metabolized by gut bacteria (improving gut health).
Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and can't be digested by humans (but is broken down by bacteria in the gut). These types of fibers help with digestion (and bowel movements).

Fiber Feeds "Good" Gut Bacteria

Friendly gut bacteria produce nutrients.
These short-chain fatty acids feed cells in the colon, reducing gut inflammation and improving digestive health.

Health Benefits of Fibers

Lower risk of Coronary Heart Disease, strokes, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and digestive diseases.
Lowering blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels.
Improving glycemia (blood sugar levels), insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and improving several gastrointestinal conditions.

Juices and Beverages

Alcoholic Beverages

Confectionary

Fast-moving consumer goods (a type of food product)
Includes sugar candies, chocolates, fruit preserves.
Has a short shelf life as a result of high consumer demand and is perishable.

Chocolate Products

A food product made from cocoa beans. Processed through several steps such as cleaning, roasting, shell removal, grinding and conching/tempering.
An important economic factor for producing and consuming countries, due to the export revenues.

Plantation Products and Flavors

Products grown under cultivation and used in agriculture.
This includes a variety of crops for materials as well as consumable goods.
Includes spices (such as almond, anise, cinnamon, clove, lemon), fruit and fruit/vegetable juices, edible yeast, herbs and materials, dairy products, meat, poultry, or seafood and eggs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on dietary supplements, functional foods, and probiotics with this comprehensive quiz. Explore various nutrients, herbal extracts, and food products while uncovering the science behind health supplements. See how well you understand the roles and benefits of these important nutritional elements.