Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the DASH diet?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a food source in the Mediterranean diet?
What is the main reason for modifying diets in cases of allergies?
What is a common indication for a modified diet?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of food that may be eliminated from a diet due to an allergy?
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What is the primary goal of a modified diet for individuals with digestive disorders?
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Which of the following surgeries may require a modified diet?
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What is a common feature of modified diets for individuals with dental issues?
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Which of the following is a condition that may require a modified diet?
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What is the main reason for modifying diets post-surgery?
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Study Notes
Purpose of Diet Modification
- Weight management: adjusting caloric intake to lose, gain, or maintain weight
- Managing diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, or gastrointestinal disorders
- Ensuring adequate intake of essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and proteins
- Supporting athletic performance, enhancing mental clarity, or improving energy levels
Types of General Diets
- Regular/Standard diet: intended for hospitalized clients who do not have special dietary needs, supplies approximately 2,000 Kcal
- Vegetarian diet: excludes meat but includes plant-based foods and may include dairy and eggs
- Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian: includes dairy and eggs
- Lacto Vegetarian: includes dairy but excludes eggs
- Ovo Vegetarian: includes eggs but excludes dairy
- Vegan diet: a plant-based dietary regimen that excludes all animal products, focusing on fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, and legumes
- Flexitarian diet: mostly plant-based but allows for occasional consumption of meat and animal products
Modified Consistency Diets
- Regular/Standard diet with adjustments to texture and form to accommodate individuals with difficulties in chewing or swallowing (dysphagia)
- Low Sodium Diet: recommended sodium intake of less than 2,300 mg or about 1 teaspoon of table salt per day
- Mild sodium restriction: no-added-salt diet, recommended if adults take more than 2,500 mg/day
- Moderate sodium restriction: 1,000 to 2,000 mg/day, used in cases of severe edema, hypertension, and heart disease
- Strict and severe sodium restrictions: 500 and 250 mg/day, respectively, used only in severe conditions and for short periods
Food Allowances and Limitations
- Fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, plant-based proteins, and occasional meat and animal products are allowed in a flexitarian diet
- Fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh meat, poultry, and fish, whole grains, and starches are allowed in a low sodium diet
- Processed and packaged foods, canned vegetables and legumes, salted nuts and seeds, pickled foods and condiments, and high-sodium cheese are to be limited or avoided in a low sodium diet
Neutropenic Diet
- Diet prepared and served under strict sanitary conditions to minimize microbial count, especially pathogens
- Indication for use: before and after organ transplantation, chemotherapy, and other treatments to reduce the risk of food-borne infection
Low-Fat/Fat-Controlled Diet
- Diet consists of little fat, especially saturated fat and cholesterol, which lead to increased blood cholesterol levels and heart attack
- Indications for use: gall bladder diseases, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia, obesity/overweight, etc.
High-Protein Diet
- Purpose: for muscle building, weight loss, or managing specific health conditions like malnutrition or sarcopenia
- Modifications: increases protein intake to more than the typical 10-35% of daily calories
- Indications for use: burns, post-surgery, malabsorption syndromes, diseases of the GIT, acute phases of inflammatory bowel disease, and celiac disease
Low-Protein Diet
- Diet in which people are required to reduce their intake of protein
- Indications for use: persons with abnormal kidney or liver function to prevent worsening of their disease, such as hepatic encephalopathy, acute and chronic renal failure, and acute and chronic glomerulonephritis
DASH Diet
- Purpose: to prevent and control hypertension and promote overall heart health
- Examples: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean protein sources like poultry and fish
Mediterranean Diet
- Purpose: to promote heart health and longevity
- Examples: olive oil, nuts, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and moderate amounts of red wine
Diets Modified for Allergens
- Sometimes people have an allergic reaction to certain food substances due to an autoimmune response to specific proteins called allergens in these foods
- Indications for use: allergies to chicken, seafood, eggs, and other common allergens require elimination of these foods from the diet
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Description
Learn about the purposes of diet modification, including weight management, disease management, and nutrient intake. Explore types of general diets and their importance.
