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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum proportion of dictators who are certain to implement an unfair outcome?
What is the maximum proportion of dictators who are certain to implement an unfair outcome?
Which factor influences fair behavior among dictators according to the research?
Which factor influences fair behavior among dictators according to the research?
How does information asymmetry affect the behavior of dictators?
How does information asymmetry affect the behavior of dictators?
What key feature is highlighted as significant in the experiments measuring fairness?
What key feature is highlighted as significant in the experiments measuring fairness?
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What percentage of the time do dictators behave self-interestedly under conditions of hidden information?
What percentage of the time do dictators behave self-interestedly under conditions of hidden information?
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What is one of the broader goals of the research discussed?
What is one of the broader goals of the research discussed?
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Which study provides evidence that social norms influence behavior?
Which study provides evidence that social norms influence behavior?
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What effect does decreasing transparency have on dictators' behavior in experimental settings?
What effect does decreasing transparency have on dictators' behavior in experimental settings?
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In the context of dictator behavior, what does 'moral wiggle room' refer to?
In the context of dictator behavior, what does 'moral wiggle room' refer to?
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In the context of the dictator game, what is suggested about the relationship between utility modeling and transparency?
In the context of the dictator game, what is suggested about the relationship between utility modeling and transparency?
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What is one observed outcome in a transparent baseline game for dictators?
What is one observed outcome in a transparent baseline game for dictators?
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Which psychological theory relates to the reduction in altruistic behavior as transparency decreases?
Which psychological theory relates to the reduction in altruistic behavior as transparency decreases?
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How have the findings about dictators' behavior challenged existing economic theories?
How have the findings about dictators' behavior challenged existing economic theories?
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Which feature is frequently present in naturally occurring economic situations involving dictators?
Which feature is frequently present in naturally occurring economic situations involving dictators?
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What term describes the tendency for people's altruism to diminish when less aware of the social context?
What term describes the tendency for people's altruism to diminish when less aware of the social context?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences utilities in the context of dictator behavior?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences utilities in the context of dictator behavior?
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What is the proportion of dictators who implemented the fair outcome in the plausible deniability treatment?
What is the proportion of dictators who implemented the fair outcome in the plausible deniability treatment?
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What does the term 'moral wiggling' refer to in the context of dictators' choices?
What does the term 'moral wiggling' refer to in the context of dictators' choices?
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What does the study suggest about recipients' hypothetical choices in terms of implementing fair outcomes?
What does the study suggest about recipients' hypothetical choices in terms of implementing fair outcomes?
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How does relaxing transparency impact dictators' behavior according to the study?
How does relaxing transparency impact dictators' behavior according to the study?
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What was the proportion of dictators implementing fair outcomes under the hidden information treatment?
What was the proportion of dictators implementing fair outcomes under the hidden information treatment?
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Which experimental treatment had the highest proportion of dictators implementing fair outcomes?
Which experimental treatment had the highest proportion of dictators implementing fair outcomes?
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What does the study reveal about generosity in dictator experiments?
What does the study reveal about generosity in dictator experiments?
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How did the researchers define fair outcomes in this context?
How did the researchers define fair outcomes in this context?
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What percentage of subjects chose fairly in the multiple dictator treatment?
What percentage of subjects chose fairly in the multiple dictator treatment?
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In the baseline treatment, what percentage of subjects exhibited self-interested behavior?
In the baseline treatment, what percentage of subjects exhibited self-interested behavior?
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What prediction did receivers (Player Z) make regarding the choice of A in the multiple dictator treatment?
What prediction did receivers (Player Z) make regarding the choice of A in the multiple dictator treatment?
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What was a characteristic of the plausible deniability treatment?
What was a characteristic of the plausible deniability treatment?
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Which behavioral trend was observed regarding dictators in the plausible deniability treatment?
Which behavioral trend was observed regarding dictators in the plausible deniability treatment?
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How did the choice proportions in the plausible deniability treatment compare to the baseline?
How did the choice proportions in the plausible deniability treatment compare to the baseline?
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Which outcome was expected based on actual choices in the multiple dictator treatment?
Which outcome was expected based on actual choices in the multiple dictator treatment?
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What was the significance level of the difference in choices between the multiple dictator treatment and the baseline?
What was the significance level of the difference in choices between the multiple dictator treatment and the baseline?
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Which concept primarily focuses on the dynamics of social norms?
Which concept primarily focuses on the dynamics of social norms?
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Which study explores fairness through the lens of acts of kindness versus rules of fairness?
Which study explores fairness through the lens of acts of kindness versus rules of fairness?
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What does the 'costly (but quiet) exit' refer to in the context of the dictator game?
What does the 'costly (but quiet) exit' refer to in the context of the dictator game?
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Which theory relates to the behavioral patterns observed in strategic games?
Which theory relates to the behavioral patterns observed in strategic games?
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In what context is the term 'moral wiggling' primarily discussed?
In what context is the term 'moral wiggling' primarily discussed?
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What kind of game theory does Camerer primarily focus on?
What kind of game theory does Camerer primarily focus on?
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Which paper investigates the visible effects of littering behavior through the use of norms?
Which paper investigates the visible effects of littering behavior through the use of norms?
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Which research discusses the implications of hidden information in decision-making processes?
Which research discusses the implications of hidden information in decision-making processes?
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Study Notes
Dictator Games and Transparency
- Dictators are more likely to behave selfishly when there is a lack of transparency in the decision-making process.
- This "moral wiggle room" allows dictators to maintain the illusion of fairness while acting in their own self-interest.
- Transparency refers to the clear understanding of the relationship between actions and outcomes.
Experimental Design
- The study uses a binary dictator game with manipulations to test the effects of transparency on dictator behavior.
- Manipulations include:
- Hidden information: Dictators are kept unaware of the baseline payoffs.
- Multiple dictators: Two dictators make decisions, potentially leading to an unfair outcome.
- Plausible deniability: Dictators can choose to be cut off by the computer, shifting responsibility for an unfair outcome.
Results
- In the baseline game with full transparency, a majority of dictators choose the generous outcome.
- In manipulated treatments with reduced transparency, selfishness increases significantly.
- The results are consistent with the "bystander intervention" and "diffusion of responsibility" theories in social psychology.
Alternative Explanations for Giving
- While previous studies suggest that generosity in dictator games arises from a preference for fair outcomes, the present study challenges this interpretation.
- The results suggest that giving might be driven by situational factors rather than genuine concern for fairness.
Conclusion
- The study highlights the crucial role of transparency in shaping dictator behavior.
- Reducing transparency provides dictators with the opportunity to engage in "moral wiggling," allowing them to act selfishly while maintaining the illusion of fairness.
- This research contributes to a broader understanding of the factors influencing fair behavior.
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Description
Explore the dynamics of dictator behavior in experimental games focusing on how transparency affects decision-making. This quiz delves into the implications of hidden information and plausible deniability on fairness and selfishness among dictators.
