37 Questions
What is the primary cause of systolic heart failure?
Dilation of the left ventricle
How does mitral valve regurgitation contribute to systolic heart failure?
Increases left ventricular volumes
What characterizes diastolic heart failure?
Thick walled ventricles
How does an increase in end-diastolic volume affect ejection fraction in systolic heart failure?
Reduces ejection fraction
What impacts the mass to volume ratio in diastolic heart failure?
Thickened ventricles and reduced cavity size
What contributes to diastolic heart failure according to the text?
Stiff arteries
Which symptom is associated with diastolic heart failure?
Fatigue from low cardiac output
How is the severity of heart failure graded according to the New York Heart Association classification?
Based on physical activity levels
Which mechanism is activated to maintain heart function following an initial cardiac event?
Sympathetic nervous system activation
What can exercise tolerance reveal in diastolic heart failure?
Inability to increase left ventricular end-diastolic volume
Which of the following is the primary function of the myocardium in the heart?
To contract and pump blood throughout the body
Which layer of the heart is responsible for the majority of the heart's electrical activity and conduction?
Myocardium
In systolic heart failure, the heart's ability to ___ is impaired.
Pump blood effectively during systole
Which stage of heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to fill with enough blood during diastole?
Stage 2 - Mild heart failure with symptoms upon exertion
Which type of heart failure is associated with a preserved ejection fraction?
Diastolic heart failure
What is the primary material used in the collapsible frame of the CorInnova device?
Nitinol
Which test provides detailed images of both the anatomy and function of the heart?
MRI
What type of heart failure is mentioned in the text as related to the hormone NT-proBNP?
Systolic heart failure
What test involves threading a catheter into the heart to measure pressures and obtain tissue samples if necessary?
Heart Catheterisation
What type of test evaluates lung function to identify potential contributors to breathlessness in heart failure patients?
Breathing tests
What is the main difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure?
Systolic heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood out, while diastolic heart failure occurs when the heart cannot fill properly with blood during the relaxation phase.
Which imaging technique is commonly used to assess heart structure and function?
Echocardiogram
What are common symptoms of advanced stages of heart failure?
Severe shortness of breath at rest and significant fatigue
Which chamber of the heart is primarily responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body?
Left ventricle
How does right ventricular failure affect overall heart function?
It leads to decreased blood flow to the lungs and can affect overall circulation.
Which of the following best describes the CorInnova Implantable Cardiac Assist System?
It is a left ventricular assist device that directly compresses the heart during systole.
In systolic heart failure, which of the following anatomical changes is most likely to occur?
Dilation of the ventricular chambers due to impaired contractility.
Which of the following diagnostic tests is most useful for assessing diastolic function?
Echocardiography with Doppler imaging
In the progression of heart failure, which stage is characterized by structural heart disease but no symptoms at rest?
Stage B
Which of the following biomarkers is primarily used to diagnose and monitor heart failure?
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
What is the main function of the septum in the heart?
To ensure efficient blood circulation
Which artery supplies the left side of the heart with oxygen and nutrients?
Left Coronary Artery
What causes heart failure according to the text?
Insufficient myocardium in the wall
Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?
Semi-lunar Valve
What is the role of the semi-lunar valves in the heart?
Maintain one-way flow in the heart
In heart failure, what is the primary cause of elevated venous pressures?
The heart's inability to meet metabolic demands
Which component divides the heart into left and right sides?
"Septum"
Learn about the symptoms of diastolic heart failure, which include fatigue from low cardiac output and dyspnea during exertion. Understand how exercise intolerance can indicate the inability to increase left ventricular end-diastolic volume.
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