Diastolic Heart Failure Symptoms

What is the primary cause of systolic heart failure?

Thickening of heart walls
Reduced left ventricular filling
Increased end-diastolic volume
Dilation of the left ventricle (correct)

How does mitral valve regurgitation contribute to systolic heart failure?

Promotes thickening of heart walls
Increases left ventricular volumes (correct)
Reduces wall stress
Decreases left ventricular volumes

What characterizes diastolic heart failure?

Thick walled ventricles (correct)
Increased end-systolic volume
High cardiac output
Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction

How does an increase in end-diastolic volume affect ejection fraction in systolic heart failure?

Reduces ejection fraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What impacts the mass to volume ratio in diastolic heart failure?

Thickened ventricles and reduced cavity size (B) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to diastolic heart failure according to the text?

Stiff arteries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with diastolic heart failure?

Fatigue from low cardiac output (D) Signup and view all the answers

How is the severity of heart failure graded according to the New York Heart Association classification?

Based on physical activity levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is activated to maintain heart function following an initial cardiac event?

Sympathetic nervous system activation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can exercise tolerance reveal in diastolic heart failure?

Inability to increase left ventricular end-diastolic volume (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the myocardium in the heart?

To contract and pump blood throughout the body (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the majority of the heart's electrical activity and conduction?

Myocardium (D) Signup and view all the answers

In systolic heart failure, the heart's ability to ___ is impaired.

Pump blood effectively during systole (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to fill with enough blood during diastole?

Stage 2 - Mild heart failure with symptoms upon exertion (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is associated with a preserved ejection fraction?

Diastolic heart failure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary material used in the collapsible frame of the CorInnova device?

Nitinol (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which test provides detailed images of both the anatomy and function of the heart?

MRI (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of heart failure is mentioned in the text as related to the hormone NT-proBNP?

Systolic heart failure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What test involves threading a catheter into the heart to measure pressures and obtain tissue samples if necessary?

Heart Catheterisation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of test evaluates lung function to identify potential contributors to breathlessness in heart failure patients?

Breathing tests (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure?

Systolic heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood out, while diastolic heart failure occurs when the heart cannot fill properly with blood during the relaxation phase. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is commonly used to assess heart structure and function?

Echocardiogram (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of advanced stages of heart failure?

Severe shortness of breath at rest and significant fatigue (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart is primarily responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the body?

Left ventricle (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does right ventricular failure affect overall heart function?

It leads to decreased blood flow to the lungs and can affect overall circulation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the CorInnova Implantable Cardiac Assist System?

It is a left ventricular assist device that directly compresses the heart during systole. (D) Signup and view all the answers

In systolic heart failure, which of the following anatomical changes is most likely to occur?

Dilation of the ventricular chambers due to impaired contractility. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most useful for assessing diastolic function?

Echocardiography with Doppler imaging (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the progression of heart failure, which stage is characterized by structural heart disease but no symptoms at rest?

Stage B (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following biomarkers is primarily used to diagnose and monitor heart failure?

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the septum in the heart?

To ensure efficient blood circulation (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the left side of the heart with oxygen and nutrients?

Left Coronary Artery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes heart failure according to the text?

Insufficient myocardium in the wall (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

Semi-lunar Valve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the semi-lunar valves in the heart?

Maintain one-way flow in the heart (D) Signup and view all the answers

In heart failure, what is the primary cause of elevated venous pressures?

The heart's inability to meet metabolic demands (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which component divides the heart into left and right sides?

"Septum" (C) Signup and view all the answers