GI system part 2

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What percentage of colorectal cancer occurs in the ascending colon?

50%

10%

5%

25% (correct)

What is the primary function of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity?

Regulate food intake and stimulate lipid storage (correct)

Regulate lipid storage and suppress insulin sensitivity

Regulate insulin sensitivity and stimulate lipid metabolism

Regulate food intake and suppress lipid storage

What is the diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa?

4 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 4 months

3 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 2 months

2 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 3 months (correct)

1 binge-eating episode per week for at least 2 months

What is the primary difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by purging, while bulimia nervosa is characterized by binge eating Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended screening test for colorectal cancer at age 50?

Colonoscopy every 10 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of colorectal cancer in the descending colon?

Pain and pencil-shaped stools Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying osmotic diarrhea?

Nonabsorbable substance in the intestine draws excess water into lumen by osmosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of visceral pain?

Diffuse and poorly localized Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to appetite?

Regulation of appetite Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of referred pain in the abdominal region?

Shared afferent nerve pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of vomiting on the body?

Loss of fluid and electrolytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying secretory diarrhea?

Large volume caused by excessive mucosal secretions of chloride or bicarbonate rich fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anorexia?

Loss of appetite and desire to eat despite normal physiologic stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of vagal nerve stimulation during vomiting?

Dizziness and decreased blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of constipation?

Decreased fiber or fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of reflux of acid and bile during vomiting?

Risk of esophagitis or ulceration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of inadequate peristalsis in dysphagia?

Inadequate innervation of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux?

pH diverticulitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of appendicitis?

Right lower quadrant or peri-umbilical pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for paralytic bowel obstruction?

Fluids and electrolyte replacement with decompression surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?

Adhesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of bowel obstruction that requires surgical emergency?

Perforation or strangulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of diverticulitis?

Inflammation/obstruction/perforation of diverticula Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of bowel obstruction?

Abdominal distention Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of large bowel obstruction?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of gastroesophageal reflux that leads to fever, lower abdominal pain, abscess, peritonitis, and obstruction?

pH diverticulitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of intestinal villi in a child with gluten sensitivity?

They can regenerate after a gluten-free diet Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of postprandial vomiting in infants?

Acquired narrowing and distal obstruction of the pylorus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the GI tract of a newborn at birth?

It is sterile Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of distal intestinal obstruction in cystic fibrosis?

Defective regulators disrupt fluid homeostasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Hirschsprung disease?

Congenital aganglionic megacolon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anorectal malformations?

Defect in the development of the anus and rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark triad of cystic fibrosis?

Pancreatic enzyme deficiency, overproduction of mucus, and abnormally elevated sodium and chloride concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of digestive problems in cystic fibrosis?

Overproduction of extremely viscous mucus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of celiac disease?

T cell-mediated autoimmune injury to intestinal epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of liver disease in Wilson's disease?

Genetic defect of copper metabolism Signup and view all the answers