GI system part 2
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of colorectal cancer occurs in the ascending colon?

  • 50%
  • 10%
  • 5%
  • 25% (correct)

What is the primary function of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity?

  • Regulate food intake and stimulate lipid storage (correct)
  • Regulate lipid storage and suppress insulin sensitivity
  • Regulate insulin sensitivity and stimulate lipid metabolism
  • Regulate food intake and suppress lipid storage

What is the diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa?

  • 4 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 4 months
  • 3 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 2 months
  • 2 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 3 months (correct)
  • 1 binge-eating episode per week for at least 2 months

What is the primary difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

<p>Anorexia nervosa is characterized by purging, while bulimia nervosa is characterized by binge eating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended screening test for colorectal cancer at age 50?

<p>Colonoscopy every 10 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic symptom of colorectal cancer in the descending colon?

<p>Pain and pencil-shaped stools (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying osmotic diarrhea?

<p>Nonabsorbable substance in the intestine draws excess water into lumen by osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of visceral pain?

<p>Diffuse and poorly localized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to appetite?

<p>Regulation of appetite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of referred pain in the abdominal region?

<p>Shared afferent nerve pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of vomiting on the body?

<p>Loss of fluid and electrolytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism underlying secretory diarrhea?

<p>Large volume caused by excessive mucosal secretions of chloride or bicarbonate rich fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anorexia?

<p>Loss of appetite and desire to eat despite normal physiologic stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of vagal nerve stimulation during vomiting?

<p>Dizziness and decreased blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of constipation?

<p>Decreased fiber or fluid intake (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of reflux of acid and bile during vomiting?

<p>Risk of esophagitis or ulceration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of inadequate peristalsis in dysphagia?

<p>Inadequate innervation of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux?

<p>pH diverticulitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark sign of appendicitis?

<p>Right lower quadrant or peri-umbilical pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for paralytic bowel obstruction?

<p>Fluids and electrolyte replacement with decompression surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?

<p>Adhesions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of bowel obstruction that requires surgical emergency?

<p>Perforation or strangulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnosis of diverticulitis?

<p>Inflammation/obstruction/perforation of diverticula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark of bowel obstruction?

<p>Abdominal distention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of large bowel obstruction?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of gastroesophageal reflux that leads to fever, lower abdominal pain, abscess, peritonitis, and obstruction?

<p>pH diverticulitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of intestinal villi in a child with gluten sensitivity?

<p>They can regenerate after a gluten-free diet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of postprandial vomiting in infants?

<p>Acquired narrowing and distal obstruction of the pylorus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the GI tract of a newborn at birth?

<p>It is sterile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of distal intestinal obstruction in cystic fibrosis?

<p>Defective regulators disrupt fluid homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Hirschsprung disease?

<p>Congenital aganglionic megacolon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anorectal malformations?

<p>Defect in the development of the anus and rectum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark triad of cystic fibrosis?

<p>Pancreatic enzyme deficiency, overproduction of mucus, and abnormally elevated sodium and chloride concentrations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of digestive problems in cystic fibrosis?

<p>Overproduction of extremely viscous mucus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of celiac disease?

<p>T cell-mediated autoimmune injury to intestinal epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of liver disease in Wilson's disease?

<p>Genetic defect of copper metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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