36 Questions
What percentage of colorectal cancer occurs in the ascending colon?
25%
What is the primary function of adipokines in the pathogenesis of obesity?
Regulate food intake and stimulate lipid storage
What is the diagnostic criterion for bulimia nervosa?
2 binge-eating episodes per week for at least 3 months
What is the primary difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by purging, while bulimia nervosa is characterized by binge eating
What is the recommended screening test for colorectal cancer at age 50?
Colonoscopy every 10 years
What is the characteristic symptom of colorectal cancer in the descending colon?
Pain and pencil-shaped stools
What is the primary mechanism underlying osmotic diarrhea?
Nonabsorbable substance in the intestine draws excess water into lumen by osmosis
What is the characteristic of visceral pain?
Diffuse and poorly localized
What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in relation to appetite?
Regulation of appetite
What is the primary cause of referred pain in the abdominal region?
Shared afferent nerve pathway
What is the primary effect of vomiting on the body?
Loss of fluid and electrolytes
What is the primary mechanism underlying secretory diarrhea?
Large volume caused by excessive mucosal secretions of chloride or bicarbonate rich fluid
What is the primary cause of anorexia?
Loss of appetite and desire to eat despite normal physiologic stimuli
What is the primary effect of vagal nerve stimulation during vomiting?
Dizziness and decreased blood pressure
What is the primary cause of constipation?
Decreased fiber or fluid intake
What is the primary effect of reflux of acid and bile during vomiting?
Risk of esophagitis or ulceration
What is the primary cause of inadequate peristalsis in dysphagia?
Inadequate innervation of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII
Which of the following is a complication of gastroesophageal reflux?
pH diverticulitis
What is the hallmark sign of appendicitis?
Right lower quadrant or peri-umbilical pain
What is the treatment for paralytic bowel obstruction?
Fluids and electrolyte replacement with decompression surgery
What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction?
Adhesions
What is the complication of bowel obstruction that requires surgical emergency?
Perforation or strangulation
What is the diagnosis of diverticulitis?
Inflammation/obstruction/perforation of diverticula
What is the hallmark of bowel obstruction?
Abdominal distention
What is the cause of large bowel obstruction?
All of the above
What is the complication of gastroesophageal reflux that leads to fever, lower abdominal pain, abscess, peritonitis, and obstruction?
pH diverticulitis
What is the characteristic of intestinal villi in a child with gluten sensitivity?
They can regenerate after a gluten-free diet
What is the primary cause of postprandial vomiting in infants?
Acquired narrowing and distal obstruction of the pylorus
What is the characteristic of the GI tract of a newborn at birth?
It is sterile
What is the primary cause of distal intestinal obstruction in cystic fibrosis?
Defective regulators disrupt fluid homeostasis
What is the characteristic of Hirschsprung disease?
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
What is the primary cause of anorectal malformations?
Defect in the development of the anus and rectum
What is the hallmark triad of cystic fibrosis?
Pancreatic enzyme deficiency, overproduction of mucus, and abnormally elevated sodium and chloride concentrations
What is the primary cause of digestive problems in cystic fibrosis?
Overproduction of extremely viscous mucus
What is the characteristic of celiac disease?
T cell-mediated autoimmune injury to intestinal epithelial cells
What is the primary cause of liver disease in Wilson's disease?
Genetic defect of copper metabolism
Test your knowledge of diarrhea, including its definition, causes, types, and characteristics. Learn about osmotic and secretory diarrhea, and how they are caused by factors such as intestinal infections, food intolerance, and drugs. Assess your understanding of this important topic in gastroenterology.
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