Diarrhea Classification and Causes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of diarrhea?

  • Infectious organisms (correct)
  • Impaired immune function
  • Altered intestinal microflora
  • Gastric acidity

    • Which of the following is a risk factor for diarrhea?

  • Proton pump inhibitors increasing stomach acid
  • Gastric acidity
  • Proton pump inhibitors decreasing stomach acid (correct)
  • Jejunal enteral feedings

    • What is the duration of acute diarrhea?

  • 60 days or less
  • 14 days or less (correct)
  • More than 30 days
  • More than 14 days

    • What is the most common cause of diarrhea in the United States?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission of infectious organisms that cause diarrhea?

    <p>Contaminated food or water, and fecal-oral route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of antibiotic use?

    <p>Clostridioides difficile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of ignoring the urge to defecate?

    <p>The muscles and mucosa become desensitized and stools dry out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is a risk factor for constipation?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of biofeedback therapy in patients with constipation?

    <p>To coordinate anal sphincter contraction during straining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily fluid intake to help manage constipation?

    <p>2 L/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of probiotics in patients with constipation?

    <p>They reduce symptoms of constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of chronic laxative use?

    <p>Dilated, atonic colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for patients with severe, complicated CDI with shock, hypotension, ileus, or megacolon?

    <p>Vancomycin and IV metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of fecal incontinence in older adults with limited mobility?

    <p>Chronic constipation leading to fecal impaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a bowel management program for fecal incontinence?

    <p>To achieve regular defecation and high-fiber diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of acute constipation?

    <p>Lasting less than 1 week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common complication of chronic constipation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for recurrent CDI?

    <p>Fecal microbiota transplantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of fecal incontinence?

    <p>To measure anal canal muscle tone and contraction strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of physical therapy and biofeedback training in the management of fecal incontinence?

    <p>To improve awareness of rectal sensation and coordinate internal and external anal sphincters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for CDI-related ileus?

    <p>Vancomycin via enema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of chronic constipation?

    <p>Fewer than 3 stools per week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of abdominal trauma?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of perforation in acute abdominal pain?

    <p>Peritonitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concern in abdominal trauma due to bleeding from solid organs?

    <p>Shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication of peritonitis in abdominal trauma?

    <p>Guarding and splinting the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased volume in abdominal compartment syndrome?

    <p>Decreased ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage in abdominal trauma?

    <p>Grey Turner’s sign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>Chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common emergent abdominal surgery?

    <p>Appendectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of peritonitis?

    <p>Primary blood-borne organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal sign of peritonitis?

    <p>Tenderness over the area involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic tool for appendicitis?

    <p>CT scan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing management in appendicitis?

    <p>To prevent complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary complication of untreated peritonitis?

    <p>Hypovolemic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic tool for peritonitis?

    <p>Peritoneal aspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nursing intervention for postoperative appendicitis?

    <p>Early ambulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>Autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a high-risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>High intake of refined sugar and fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age of onset for inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>Teens and early adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following genes is associated with inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>NOD2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the geographic location with the highest rates of inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>Northern Hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the racial or ethnic background with a high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>White and Ashkenazic Jewish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the bowel wall is affected in Crohn's disease?

    <p>All layers of the bowel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>Toxic megacolon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Crohn's disease?

    <p>Segmented inflammation of the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential systemic complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following laboratory tests is used to evaluate inflammation in IBD?

    <p>Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common imaging study used to diagnose IBD?

    <p>Small bowel series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of preoperative care for patients undergoing ostomy surgery?

    <p>To provide emotional support and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an ileostomy output?

    <p>Liquid or thin paste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a loop stoma?

    <p>To divert fecal flow temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a continent ileostomy?

    <p>Increased independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended postoperative care for colostomy patients?

    <p>Record volume, color, and consistency of drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of stomal education and support?

    <p>Increased patient independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of drug therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis?

    <p>To induce and maintain remission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended screening interval for individuals with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer?

    <p>Every 5 years starting at age 40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of right-sided colorectal cancer?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'gold standard' for diagnosing colorectal cancer?

    <p>Colonoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autosomal dominant disorder that increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer?

    <p>Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk factor for developing colorectal cancer that is associated with a higher incidence in men?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic study that confirms the diagnosis of colorectal cancer?

    <p>Tissue biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the surgical therapy goal for individuals with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer?

    <p>To screen for polyps and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of untreated colorectal cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the racial or ethnic group that is most likely to develop and die from colorectal cancer?

    <p>Blacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of changing the pouch when it is 1/3 full?

    <p>To prevent pulling and leaks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to teach patients about fluid and electrolyte imbalance, especially sodium?

    <p>Because it can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of a drainable pouch?

    <p>It is more convenient for daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of charcoal filters in ostomy pouches?

    <p>To absorb odor and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to assess the skin during pouch changes?

    <p>To detect any skin irritation or breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of diverticula in the colon?

    <p>Saccular dilations or outpouchings of the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the development of diverticulosis?

    <p>Lack of dietary fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common symptom of diverticulitis in older adults?

    <p>Afebrile and normal WBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred imaging study for diagnosing diverticular disease?

    <p>CT scan with an oral contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of interprofessional and nursing care for patients with diverticulitis?

    <p>To promote bowel rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of diverticulitis that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality?

    <p>Fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of a hernia that cannot be placed back into the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Irreducible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of hernia?

    <p>Inguinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical manifestation of a strangulated hernia?

    <p>Severe pain, vomiting, cramping, and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for a strangulated hernia?

    <p>Emergency surgery with temporary colostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing care for patients with a fistula?

    <p>To identify the tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

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