82 Questions
What is the primary cause of diarrhea?
Infectious organisms
Which of the following is a risk factor for diarrhea?
Proton pump inhibitors decreasing stomach acid
What is the duration of acute diarrhea?
14 days or less
What is the most common cause of diarrhea in the United States?
Viruses
What is the mode of transmission of infectious organisms that cause diarrhea?
Contaminated food or water, and fecal-oral route
Which of the following is a complication of antibiotic use?
Clostridioides difficile infection
What is a potential consequence of ignoring the urge to defecate?
The muscles and mucosa become desensitized and stools dry out
Which of the following diseases is a risk factor for constipation?
Diabetes
What is the primary goal of biofeedback therapy in patients with constipation?
To coordinate anal sphincter contraction during straining
What is the recommended daily fluid intake to help manage constipation?
2 L/day
What is the potential benefit of probiotics in patients with constipation?
They reduce symptoms of constipation
What is a potential complication of chronic laxative use?
Dilated, atonic colon
What is the recommended treatment for patients with severe, complicated CDI with shock, hypotension, ileus, or megacolon?
Vancomycin and IV metronidazole
What is the primary cause of fecal incontinence in older adults with limited mobility?
Chronic constipation leading to fecal impaction
What is the primary goal of a bowel management program for fecal incontinence?
To achieve regular defecation and high-fiber diet
What is the characteristic of acute constipation?
Lasting less than 1 week
What is the common complication of chronic constipation?
All of the above
What is the recommended treatment for recurrent CDI?
Fecal microbiota transplantation
What is the purpose of anorectal manometry in the diagnosis of fecal incontinence?
To measure anal canal muscle tone and contraction strength
What is the goal of physical therapy and biofeedback training in the management of fecal incontinence?
To improve awareness of rectal sensation and coordinate internal and external anal sphincters
What is the recommended treatment for CDI-related ileus?
Vancomycin via enema
What is the characteristic of chronic constipation?
Fewer than 3 stools per week
What is the most common cause of abdominal trauma?
All of the above
What is the result of perforation in acute abdominal pain?
Peritonitis
What is the concern in abdominal trauma due to bleeding from solid organs?
Shock
What is the indication of peritonitis in abdominal trauma?
Guarding and splinting the abdomen
What is the result of increased volume in abdominal compartment syndrome?
Decreased ventilation
What is the sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage in abdominal trauma?
Grey Turner’s sign
What is the primary characteristic of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?
Chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel patterns
What is the most common emergent abdominal surgery?
Appendectomy
What is the primary cause of peritonitis?
Primary blood-borne organisms
What is the universal sign of peritonitis?
Tenderness over the area involved
What is the primary diagnostic tool for appendicitis?
CT scan
What is the primary goal of nursing management in appendicitis?
To prevent complications
What is the primary characteristic of IBS with constipation (IBS-C)?
Constipation
What is the primary complication of untreated peritonitis?
Hypovolemic shock
What is the primary diagnostic tool for peritonitis?
Peritoneal aspiration
What is the primary nursing intervention for postoperative appendicitis?
Early ambulation
What is the primary cause of inflammatory bowel disease?
Autoimmune response
Which of the following is a high-risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease?
High intake of refined sugar and fat
What is the typical age of onset for inflammatory bowel disease?
Teens and early adulthood
Which of the following genes is associated with inflammatory bowel disease?
NOD2
What is the geographic location with the highest rates of inflammatory bowel disease?
Northern Hemisphere
What is the racial or ethnic background with a high incidence of inflammatory bowel disease?
White and Ashkenazic Jewish
Which part of the bowel wall is affected in Crohn's disease?
All layers of the bowel wall
What is a common complication of Ulcerative Colitis?
Toxic megacolon
Which of the following is a characteristic of Crohn's disease?
Segmented inflammation of the gut
What is a potential systemic complication of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?
Osteoporosis
Which of the following laboratory tests is used to evaluate inflammation in IBD?
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
What is a common imaging study used to diagnose IBD?
Small bowel series
What is the primary goal of preoperative care for patients undergoing ostomy surgery?
To provide emotional support and education
What is the characteristic of an ileostomy output?
Liquid or thin paste
What is the purpose of a loop stoma?
To divert fecal flow temporarily
What is the primary benefit of a continent ileostomy?
Increased independence
What is the recommended postoperative care for colostomy patients?
Record volume, color, and consistency of drainage
What is the primary benefit of stomal education and support?
Increased patient independence
What is the primary goal of drug therapy in the treatment of Crohn's disease and Ulcerative Colitis?
To induce and maintain remission
What is the recommended screening interval for individuals with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer?
Every 5 years starting at age 40
What is the most common symptom of right-sided colorectal cancer?
Bleeding
What is the 'gold standard' for diagnosing colorectal cancer?
Colonoscopy
What is the autosomal dominant disorder that increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer?
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC)
What is the risk factor for developing colorectal cancer that is associated with a higher incidence in men?
Smoking
What is the diagnostic study that confirms the diagnosis of colorectal cancer?
Tissue biopsy
What is the surgical therapy goal for individuals with a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer?
To screen for polyps and cancer
What is the complication of untreated colorectal cancer?
All of the above
What is the racial or ethnic group that is most likely to develop and die from colorectal cancer?
Blacks
What is the purpose of changing the pouch when it is 1/3 full?
To prevent pulling and leaks
Why is it important to teach patients about fluid and electrolyte imbalance, especially sodium?
Because it can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
What is the benefit of a drainable pouch?
It is more convenient for daily activities
What is the purpose of charcoal filters in ostomy pouches?
To absorb odor and gas
Why is it important to assess the skin during pouch changes?
To detect any skin irritation or breakdown
What is the characteristic of diverticula in the colon?
Saccular dilations or outpouchings of the mucosa
What is the primary factor contributing to the development of diverticulosis?
Lack of dietary fiber
What is the most common symptom of diverticulitis in older adults?
Afebrile and normal WBC
What is the preferred imaging study for diagnosing diverticular disease?
CT scan with an oral contrast
What is the goal of interprofessional and nursing care for patients with diverticulitis?
To promote bowel rest
What is the complication of diverticulitis that can lead to increased morbidity and mortality?
Fistula
What is the classification of a hernia that cannot be placed back into the abdominal cavity?
Irreducible
What is the most common type of hernia?
Inguinal
What is the primary clinical manifestation of a strangulated hernia?
Severe pain, vomiting, cramping, and abdominal pain
What is the treatment for a strangulated hernia?
Emergency surgery with temporary colostomy
What is the primary goal of nursing care for patients with a fistula?
To identify the tract
Test your knowledge on the different types of diarrhea, including acute, persistent, and chronic, as well as the primary causes of diarrhea, including infectious organisms. Learn about the etiology and pathophysiology of diarrhea and how it affects the small intestine.
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