Diagnostic Markers of Inflammation in Veterinary Medicine Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which protein is responsible for transporting iron in the blood?

  • Caeruloplasmin
  • Haptoglobulin
  • Thyroid hormone binding globulin
  • Transferrin (correct)

    • Which condition results from a low level of albumin, causing reduced oncotic pressure and leading to oedema?

  • Chronic liver disease
  • Chronic renal disease
  • Hypoalbuminaemia (correct)
  • Malnutrition

    • In serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), what is used to detect cell damage based on enzyme measurements?

  • Caeruloplasmin
  • Haptoglobulin (correct)
  • Thyroid hormone binding globulin
  • Transferrin

    • What is responsible for regulating the biological activity of albumin to a degree due to competition for binding sites?

    <p>Albumin bound molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE)?

    <p>To assess individual proteins semi-quantitatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is NOT included in the main bands of a typical serum electrophoretic pattern?

    <p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a decrease in albumin levels according to the information provided?

    <p>Prolonged malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of acute phase proteins in response to inflammation?

    <p>They increase in response to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is indicated by an overall increase in the broad g band in serum protein electrophoresis?

    <p>Polyclonal immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential limitation of serum protein electrophoresis related to some acute phase proteins?

    <p>Proteins produced in quantities too low to detect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a sharp, distinct increase in one area of the g band in serum electrophoretic pattern indicate?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In serum electrophoretic pattern analysis, what is indicative of immune deficiency or immune suppression conditions?

    <p>Decreased gamma-globulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be used as diagnostic tools for identifying non-specific markers of inflammation in plasma proteins?

    <p>Serum protein electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE), what is a potential consequence of the limitations related to some acute phase proteins?

    <p>Missed changes in band density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an overall increase in the broad g band indicate in Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)?

    <p>Chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause an increased enzyme activity in serum according to the text provided?

    <p>Cell proliferation or damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of acute phase proteins in the innate immune response?

    <p>Increasing in response to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a sharp, distinct increase in one area of the g band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of albumin in serum protein electrophoresis?

    <p>Increases in dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor leads to an increase in beta-globulins in serum electrophoretic patterns?

    <p>Chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the g band in serum electrophoretic patterns?

    <p>Increases in acute inflammatory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are acute phase proteins crucial in the context of inflammation?

    <p>Increasing in response to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the concentration of proteins in plasma?

    <p>Rate of breakdown and loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the concentration of proteins in plasma?

    <p>Plasma color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of serum protein electrophoresis?

    <p>To analyze the distribution of proteins in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for transporting copper in the blood?

    <p>Caeruloplasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are substances transported in the blood for diagnostic tools usage?

    <p>By interacting with various transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of albumin in plasma proteins?

    <p>Regulating oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about oncotic pressure is most accurate based on the text?

    <p>Oncotic pressure occurs due to all molecules dissolved in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique characteristic of albumin among plasma proteins?

    <p>Negatively charged at acidic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do acute phase proteins differ from albumin in terms of response to inflammation?

    <p>Acute phase proteins increase in response to inflammation, unlike albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In serum protein electrophoresis, what pattern would be expected if there is a drastic decrease in albumin levels?

    <p>A decrease in the intensity of the a1 band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid component of blood when blood is allowed to clot?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component makes up approximately 55% of blood volume?

    <p>Cell-free plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species listed in the text has the highest approximate blood volume?

    <p>Sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT found in the composition of whole blood?

    <p>Serum enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Erythrocytes make up in terms of blood volume approximately?

    <p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of albumin in the blood?

    <p>Maintaining oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is NOT involved in transporting substances in the blood according to the text?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can hypoalbuminemia lead to?

    <p>Reduced oncotic pressure and oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are responsible for the breakdown and loss of plasma proteins?

    <p>Cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the concentration of proteins in the plasma?

    <p>Blood volume and hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of albumin among plasma proteins?

    <p>Binding various ligands like fatty acids, hormones, and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oncotic pressure primarily regulated in the blood vessels?

    <p>By proteins dissolved in the blood exerting an osmotic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes albumin from other plasma proteins?

    <p>It is negatively charged at physiological pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of immunoglobulins in the context of blood composition?

    <p>Enhancing the body's immune response through antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do plasma proteins contribute to immunity?

    <p>By containing immunoglobulins and complement proteins for defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a sharp, distinct increase in one area of the g band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis indicate?

    <p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by an overall increase in the broad g band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis?

    <p>Chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a decrease in gamma-globulins in Serum Protein Electrophoresis indicate?

    <p>Immune deficiency conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can an increased concentration of cellular enzymes in serum indicate?

    <p>Cell death or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Serum Protein Electrophoresis, what could a 30% change in albumin levels potentially indicate?

    <p>Cell death or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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