Diagnostic Markers of Inflammation in Veterinary Medicine Quiz

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Which protein is responsible for transporting iron in the blood?

Transferrin

Which condition results from a low level of albumin, causing reduced oncotic pressure and leading to oedema?

Hypoalbuminaemia

In serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), what is used to detect cell damage based on enzyme measurements?

Haptoglobulin

What is responsible for regulating the biological activity of albumin to a degree due to competition for binding sites?

<p>Albumin bound molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE)?

<p>To assess individual proteins semi-quantitatively</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is NOT included in the main bands of a typical serum electrophoretic pattern?

<p>Immunoglobulin E (IgE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a decrease in albumin levels according to the information provided?

<p>Prolonged malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of acute phase proteins in response to inflammation?

<p>They increase in response to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is indicated by an overall increase in the broad g band in serum protein electrophoresis?

<p>Polyclonal immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential limitation of serum protein electrophoresis related to some acute phase proteins?

<p>Proteins produced in quantities too low to detect</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sharp, distinct increase in one area of the g band in serum electrophoretic pattern indicate?

<p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

In serum electrophoretic pattern analysis, what is indicative of immune deficiency or immune suppression conditions?

<p>Decreased gamma-globulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be used as diagnostic tools for identifying non-specific markers of inflammation in plasma proteins?

<p>Serum protein electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE), what is a potential consequence of the limitations related to some acute phase proteins?

<p>Missed changes in band density</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can an overall increase in the broad g band indicate in Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)?

<p>Chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause an increased enzyme activity in serum according to the text provided?

<p>Cell proliferation or damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of acute phase proteins in the innate immune response?

<p>Increasing in response to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a sharp, distinct increase in one area of the g band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE)?

<p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of albumin in serum protein electrophoresis?

<p>Increases in dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor leads to an increase in beta-globulins in serum electrophoretic patterns?

<p>Chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the g band in serum electrophoretic patterns?

<p>Increases in acute inflammatory diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are acute phase proteins crucial in the context of inflammation?

<p>Increasing in response to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the concentration of proteins in plasma?

<p>Rate of breakdown and loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the concentration of proteins in plasma?

<p>Plasma color</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of serum protein electrophoresis?

<p>To analyze the distribution of proteins in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for transporting copper in the blood?

<p>Caeruloplasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are substances transported in the blood for diagnostic tools usage?

<p>By interacting with various transport proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of albumin in plasma proteins?

<p>Regulating oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about oncotic pressure is most accurate based on the text?

<p>Oncotic pressure occurs due to all molecules dissolved in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of albumin among plasma proteins?

<p>Negatively charged at acidic pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do acute phase proteins differ from albumin in terms of response to inflammation?

<p>Acute phase proteins increase in response to inflammation, unlike albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

In serum protein electrophoresis, what pattern would be expected if there is a drastic decrease in albumin levels?

<p>A decrease in the intensity of the a1 band</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid component of blood when blood is allowed to clot?

<p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component makes up approximately 55% of blood volume?

<p>Cell-free plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species listed in the text has the highest approximate blood volume?

<p>Sheep</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT found in the composition of whole blood?

<p>Serum enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do Erythrocytes make up in terms of blood volume approximately?

<p>45%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of albumin in the blood?

<p>Maintaining oncotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is NOT involved in transporting substances in the blood according to the text?

<p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can hypoalbuminemia lead to?

<p>Reduced oncotic pressure and oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for the breakdown and loss of plasma proteins?

<p>Cells of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the concentration of proteins in the plasma?

<p>Blood volume and hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of albumin among plasma proteins?

<p>Binding various ligands like fatty acids, hormones, and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is oncotic pressure primarily regulated in the blood vessels?

<p>By proteins dissolved in the blood exerting an osmotic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes albumin from other plasma proteins?

<p>It is negatively charged at physiological pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of immunoglobulins in the context of blood composition?

<p>Enhancing the body's immune response through antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do plasma proteins contribute to immunity?

<p>By containing immunoglobulins and complement proteins for defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a sharp, distinct increase in one area of the g band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis indicate?

<p>Multiple myeloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by an overall increase in the broad g band in Serum Protein Electrophoresis?

<p>Chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a decrease in gamma-globulins in Serum Protein Electrophoresis indicate?

<p>Immune deficiency conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can an increased concentration of cellular enzymes in serum indicate?

<p>Cell death or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Serum Protein Electrophoresis, what could a 30% change in albumin levels potentially indicate?

<p>Cell death or trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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