Diagnosing Expected Sessions with sys session list expectation

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Questions and Answers

Which protocol does the SIP ALG support?

  • TCP
  • UDP (correct)
  • FTP
  • HTTP

Where does the SIP ALG run?

  • On the client side
  • On the server side
  • In the kernel
  • As a user space process (correct)

When does FortiGate use the SIP ALG?

  • When traffic does not match a policy with a VoIP profile and the VoIP mode is set to proxy-based
  • When traffic does not match a policy with a VoIP profile and the VoIP mode is set to kernel-helper-based
  • When traffic matches a policy with a VoIP profile (correct)
  • FortiGate always uses the SIP ALG regardless of the configuration

What does the default-voip-alg-mode setting specify?

<p>Which VoIP mode to use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should FortiGate use the SIP helper instead of the SIP ALG?

<p>When the SIP ALG is not working as expected (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be changed using the 'config system settings' command?

<p>SIP ALG port numbers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you display all active SIP calls?

<p>diagnose sys sip-proxy calls list (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a debug level of 4 in the SIP real-time debug enable?

<p>Session creation and deletion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a debug level of 64 in the SIP real-time debug enable?

<p>HEX dump of all data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can you use the 'im' and 'sip' real-time debugs for?

<p>To display real-time information about SIP traffic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to list the expected sessions created by the session helpers?

<p>diagnose sys session list expectation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the debug flow show for traffic inspected by a helper?

<p>run helper-ftp(dir=original) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the debug flow show for traffic matching an expected session?

<p>Find an EXP session, id 00016f90 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to list the active session helpers?

<p>config system session-helper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the output of 'config system session-helper' command list?

<p>TCP or UDP port numbers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protocols may require a session helper in certain circumstances?

<p>PPTP, H323, and RSH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be done if a protocol is using a different port number?

<p>Change the FortiGate configuration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the SIP application layer gateway (ALG) provide?

<p>All the same features as the SIP helper (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command can be used to view the name of the session helper inspecting the traffic?

<p>debug flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the debug flow show for traffic matching an expected session previously created by a session helper?

<p>Find an EXP session (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

SIP ALG Details

  • SIP ALG supports SIP protocol
  • It runs on FortiGate
  • FortiGate uses SIP ALG when SIP traffic is detected

SIP ALG Settings

  • The default-voip-alg-mode setting specifies the default mode for the SIP ALG

SIP Helper vs SIP ALG

  • FortiGate should use the SIP helper instead of the SIP ALG when SIP traffic is fragmented or contains IP options

Config System Settings

  • The 'config system settings' command can be used to change settings, including those related to SIP ALG

SIP Debugging

  • 'diagnose debug flow' command displays all active SIP calls
  • Debug level 4 in SIP real-time debug enables debugging for SIP call setup and teardown
  • Debug level 64 in SIP real-time debug enables debugging for SIP message logging
  • 'im' and 'sip' real-time debugs can be used for troubleshooting SIP and instant messaging issues

Session Helpers

  • The 'diagnose system session-helper list' command lists the expected sessions created by the session helpers
  • Debug flow shows the traffic inspected by a helper
  • Debug flow shows the traffic matching an expected session previously created by a session helper
  • The 'diagnose system session-helper list' command lists the active session helpers
  • The 'config system session-helper' command lists the configured session helpers

Protocols and Ports

  • Protocols like SIP, H.323, and Skinny may require a session helper in certain circumstances
  • If a protocol uses a different port number, the session helper can be configured to use that port

SIP Application Layer Gateway

  • The SIP application layer gateway (ALG) provides SIP traffic inspection and modification

Session Helper Inspection

  • The 'diagnose system session-helper show' command can be used to view the name of the session helper inspecting the traffic

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