18 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for severe vision loss from diabetic retinopathy?
Presence of pre-retinal hemorrhage
What is the initial treatment of choice for central-involved macular edema with vision impairment?
Anti-VEGF therapy
Which type of neovascularization is typically first observed at the pupillary margin?
Neovascularization of the iris (NVI)
How soon should a retinal consult be obtained for non-high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)?
Within 2-4 weeks
In patients with asymmetric IOP's, what is critical to consider?
Gonioscopy
What finding characterizes High Risk PDR?
Presence of new vessels on or near the disc (NVD)
What is the risk of progression to PDR for patients with Moderate Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
5%
Which retinal finding is indicative of retinal ischemia and obstruction of axoplasmic flow?
Cotton wool spots
What characterizes Venous beading and Intraretinal Microvascular Abnormalities (IRMA) in Moderate Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
Dilated capillaries that function as collateral channels
In which stage of diabetic retinopathy do patients exhibit microaneurysms and hemorrhages greater than depicted in ETDRS standard photograph 2A?
Moderate Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
What is the key differential diagnosis for Intra-retinal Microvascular Abnormalities (IRMA)?
Neovascularization
What signifies the presence of Soft Exudates in Moderate Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
Subsequent swelling of RNFL
In the 4-2-1 Rule for diagnosing Severe Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, what is considered a criterion?
Microaneurysms / hemorrhaging in all 4 quadrants greater than ETDRS Standard Photograph 2A in FOUR retinal quadrants
What is the recommended follow-up period for a patient with Moderate NonProliferative Diabetic Retinopathy without central involved macular edema?
6-9 months
What condition warrants an earlier follow-up, typically within 2-3 months, even without central involved macular edema?
Prominent IRMA in at least one quadrant
What is the risk of progression to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) for patients with Severe Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
52-75%
Based on the study mentioned, when did retinal surgeons traditionally consider performing Panretinal Photocoagulation (PRP) for diabetic retinopathy?
After PDR develops
What characterizes Very/Severe Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy?
Presence of neovascularization in any quadrant
Learn about the follow-up guidelines for diabetic retinopathy based on the severity of the condition and risk factors such as macular edema and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Understand the recommended time intervals for monitoring and management.
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