Diabetic Gangrene Diagnosis and Factors
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for the patient?

  • Pitting oedema
  • Diabetic gangrene of the left foot (correct)
  • Peripheral vascular disease
  • Diabetic neuropathy
  • Which factor contributed to the development of gangrene in this patient?

  • Smoking 20 cigarettes a day
  • Neglecting foot care advice (correct)
  • Frequent drinking bouts
  • Neglecting insulin dosage
  • What was the patient's employment status?

  • Employed in a diabetic clinic
  • Unemployed due to diabetes
  • Unemployed (correct)
  • Employed as a labourer
  • What was the patient's attitude towards insulin therapy?

    <p>Confused about correct dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the patient's attitude towards advice given in the diabetic clinic?

    <p>'Often neglected' the advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed on examination of the left hallux and second and third toes?

    <p>'Obviously gangrenous' and infected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed regarding pulses in the right lower limb?

    <p>All pulses were present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How was sensation to vibration and fine touch over both feet described?

    <p>Diminished for both vibration and fine touch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed regarding ankle pulses on the left side?

    <p>Not palpable but could be picked up using Doppler probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was observed regarding pitting edema over the dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Pitting edema present over dorsum of foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of nicotine on blood vessels?

    <p>It produces vasospasm at an arteriolar level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does inhaled carbon monoxide from smoking have on the blood?

    <p>It forms carboxyhaemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic change associated with poorly controlled diabetes?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does diabetic neuropathy increase the risk of infection?

    <p>By allowing unnoticed trauma to the skin, leading to bacterial ingress into ischaemic soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a likely initial treatment for the patient?

    <p>Emergency hospital admission and bringing diabetes under control with insulin and diet adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor makes major amputation unlikely in the first instance?

    <p>Presence of peripheral pulses indicating a local phenomenon due to factors described earlier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence if the patient continues smoking and ignoring his diabetes?

    <p>Development of further diabetic complications necessitating a more proximal amputation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does poorly controlled diabetes predispose to infection of poorly vascularized tissues?

    <p>By increasing risk of unnoticed trauma allowing ingress of bacteria into ischaemic soft tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the consequence of inhaled carbon monoxide from smoking on oxygen-carrying capacity of blood?

    <p>Reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood by forming carboxyhaemoglobin, persisting long after smoking ceases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about diabetic retinopathy in this case?

    <p>There was no evidence of diabetic retinopathy in fundoscopy despite poorly controlled diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smoking contribute to thrombosis?

    <p>It increases platelet adhesiveness and encourages thrombosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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