Diabetes and Kidney Disease Case Study Quiz

What mnemonic can be helpful to broaden the differential diagnosis?

CLUES

MURDER

VINDICATES (correct)

HEALTH

What is a mitigation strategy for familiarity bias?

Relying on historical norms

Ignoring confirmation of mental model

Using confirmation bias

Looking at each case objectively (correct)

How can one mitigate diagnosis momentum?

Avoiding independent impressions

Ignoring the nurse's impression

Considering alternative diagnoses (correct)

Relying heavily on the resident's diagnosis

What is a mitigation strategy for visceral bias?

Forcing oneself to slow down and do a more careful assessment Signup and view all the answers

Based on the patient's scenario, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Thalassemia Minor/ Thalassemia Trait Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test(s) would you need to confirm the diagnosis of the case above?

Peripheral blood smear Signup and view all the answers

After confirming the diagnosis in the case above, what would your management plan be?

Genetic counseling and no specific treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for the patient described in the text?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What could be possible differential diagnoses for the patient with subacute bilateral 2+ lower extremity edema, frothy urine, and hypoalbuminemia?

Nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, and heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT mentioned in the patient's presentation?

Coughing up blood Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive bias is reflected when the providers continued to attribute the patient's somnolence and hypoxia to intoxication despite a relatively low EtOH level?

Confirmation bias Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the patient's current heart rate?

75 bpm Signup and view all the answers

How could the bias of anchoring be mitigated proactively in the patient's case?

Look at the data and consider all possibilities Signup and view all the answers

What medication is the patient currently taking for his high blood pressure?

Atenolol Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential cause of the patient's bilateral lower extremity paralysis noted 2 days later?

Spinal cord injury and cord impingement Signup and view all the answers

What is the patient's family history notable for?

Myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

In the patient's case, what type of cognitive bias involves seeking evidence to support the working diagnosis rather than information to refute it?

Anchoring bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complaint of the patient?

Chest pain during exercise Signup and view all the answers

What types of cognitive biases are at play in the patient's case?

Anchoring bias, confirmation bias, diagnosis momentum Signup and view all the answers

What is the patient's smoking history in pack-years?

50 pack-years Signup and view all the answers

What type of cognitive bias describes a tendency to revert to familiar patterns of a patient’s presentations rather than looking for what is novel about the presentation?

Familiarity bias Signup and view all the answers

What type of diet is the patient following?

Low-fat diet Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential impact of familiarity bias in the patient's case?

Delayed diagnosis and treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with the patient's chest pain?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible mitigation strategy for anchoring bias in the patient's case?

Look at the data and consider all possibilities Signup and view all the answers

What classification would clinically describe the patient's diagnosis?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What type of cognitive bias involves seeking evidence to support the working diagnosis rather than information to refute it in the patient's case?

Confirmation bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for the 25-year-old woman with episodic shortness of breath and chest tightness?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical clues help in the diagnosis of asthma in the case above?

History of living with a cat Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic test is needed to confirm the diagnosis of asthma in the case above?

Basic spirometry to check pulmonary function and lung volume Signup and view all the answers

Which findings would confirm the diagnosis of asthma?

High forced vital capacity/forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FVC/FEV1) ratio Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical clues help in the diagnosis of the patient's likely coronary artery disease?

Pain occurring at rest Signup and view all the answers

What are the patient's illness script based on the given description?

Stable angina due to exertional symptoms and stable for several months Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test(s) would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in a similar patient scenario?

D-dimer blood test for clot detection Signup and view all the answers

Which findings might confirm a diagnosis of COPD?

Decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential causes for the patient's worsening swelling in both legs, frothy urine, and hypoalbuminemia?

Nephrotic syndrome due to renal disease Signup and view all the answers

What are the patient's risk factors for coronary artery disease?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers