Diabetes Types and Symptoms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the daily minimum recommended intake of carbohydrates for women with gestational diabetes?

  • 200 g
  • 175 g (correct)
  • 150 g
  • 100 g

    • What is the target range for blood glucose levels during pregnancy for women with gestational diabetes?

  • 140 to 180 mg/dL (correct)
  • 120 to 160 mg/dL
  • 130 to 170 mg/dL
  • 150 to 190 mg/dL

    • How often should women with a history of gestational diabetes be screened for the development of diabetes or prediabetes?

  • Every year
  • Every 5 years
  • Every 2 years
  • Every 3 years (correct)

    • What percentage of women with gestational diabetes can control blood glucose levels with lifestyle modifications alone?

    <p>70% to 85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test should be conducted for women at high or average risk for gestational diabetes?

    <p>Oral glucose tolerance test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the glucose threshold value that warrants further testing for gestational diabetes?

    <p>140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the initial management approach for gestational diabetes?

    <p>Dietary modification and blood glucose monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended daily intake of protein for women with gestational diabetes?

    <p>71 g</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After delivery, what happens to the blood glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes?

    <p>They return to normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of women who have had gestational diabetes developing type 2 diabetes later in life?

    <p>Possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main problems in type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may uncontrolled type 2 diabetes lead to?

    <p>Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the mild symptoms that may indicate the onset of type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Fatigue, irritability, and polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gestational diabetes?

    <p>Any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of excess glucose in the blood?

    <p>Glycosuria and osmotic diuresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is type 2 diabetes becoming more common in younger people?

    <p>Due to the obesity epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of metabolic syndrome?

    <p>Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and abdominal obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for gestational diabetes?

    <p>Marked obesity, a history of gestational diabetes, and glycosuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is screening for gestational diabetes recommended?

    <p>At the first prenatal visit for high-risk women and at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation for all women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Destruction of pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to contribute to beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Genetic, immunologic, and possibly environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic susceptibility in the development of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>It is a common underlying factor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been found in people with certain human leukocyte antigen types?

    <p>Genetic tendency toward the development of type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an abnormal response found in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have been detected in people at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoantibodies against islet cells and endogenous insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of response is seen in type 1 diabetes where antibodies are directed against normal tissues of the body?

    <p>Autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What continues to be investigated in relation to the destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Environmental factors such as viruses or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic predisposition in the development of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>People inherit a genetic predisposition toward the development of type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been detected in people several years before the development of clinical signs of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoantibodies against islet cells and endogenous insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Beta-cell destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to contribute to beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Viral factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic susceptibility in the development of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Indirect predisposition towards type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an abnormal response found in type 1 diabetes where antibodies are directed against normal tissues of the body?

    <p>Autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have been detected in people at the time of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoantibodies against islet cells and endogenous insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likelihood of inheriting type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Low likelihood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Response against normal body tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Insulin underproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of environmental factors in the destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Initiating destruction of beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic susceptibility in the development of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Indirect predisposition towards type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is thought to contribute to beta-cell destruction in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Genetic, immunologic, and possibly environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying factor in the development of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Genetic susceptibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What abnormal response is found in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoimmune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What have been detected in people at the time of diagnosis and even several years before the development of clinical signs of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoantibodies against islet cells and against endogenous insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors continue to be investigated as potential initiators of beta cell destruction?

    <p>Environmental factors such as viruses or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Destruction of pancreatic beta cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do people inherit that contributes to the development of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been found in people with certain human leukocyte antigen types?

    <p>Genetic tendency for type 1 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the abnormal response in which antibodies are directed against normal tissues of the body in type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Autoantibodies against islet cells and against endogenous insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components, in addition to genetic and immunologic factors, are being investigated as potential initiators of beta cell destruction?

    <p>Environmental factors such as viruses or toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Diabetes and its Types

    • Destruction of beta cells leads to decreased insulin production, increased glucose production, fasting hyperglycemia, and postprandial hyperglycemia.
    • Excess glucose in the blood can lead to glycosuria and osmotic diuresis, causing excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes.
    • Insulin deficiency results in unrestrained glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and fat breakdown, leading to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) characterized by hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis.
    • Type 2 diabetes is more common among older individuals and those with obesity, but its incidence is increasing in younger people due to the obesity epidemic.
    • The main problems in type 2 diabetes are insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, leading to increased insulin secretion to maintain glucose levels.
    • Insulin resistance may also lead to metabolic syndrome, characterized by symptoms like hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and abdominal obesity.
    • Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes does not typically lead to DKA due to the presence of enough insulin to prevent the breakdown of fat and production of ketone bodies.
    • Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes may lead to hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) but not typically to DKA.
    • Type 2 diabetes onset may go undetected for years, with mild symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, polyuria, polydipsia, poorly healing wounds, and vaginal infections.
    • Gestational diabetes is any degree of glucose intolerance with its onset during pregnancy, particularly in the second and third trimesters due to insulin resistance caused by placental hormones.
    • High-risk groups for gestational diabetes include those with marked obesity, a history of gestational diabetes, glycosuria, or a strong family history of diabetes, as well as certain ethnic groups.
    • Screening for gestational diabetes is recommended for high-risk women at their first prenatal visit and for all women at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation, but not for those identified as low risk.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of diabetes and its types with this informative quiz. Explore the causes, symptoms, and complications of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Learn about the differences between insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, and understand the risk factors associated with each type.

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