Diabetes Therapy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes requires insulin replacement as the primary therapy?

  • Gestational DM
  • All types of diabetes
  • Type 1 DM (correct)
  • Type 2 DM

    • What is the first-line oral agent for the treatment of Type 2 DM?

  • Metformin (correct)
  • α-Glucosidase inhibitors
  • Pioglitazone
  • SGLT2 inhibitors

    • Which medication class reduces glucose reabsorption by the kidneys?

  • Pioglitazone
  • Metformin
  • α-Glucosidase inhibitors
  • SGLT2 inhibitors (correct)

    • Which medication class inhibits glucose absorption in the intestine?

    <p>α-Glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class affects gastric emptying, glucagon release, and insulin secretion?

    <p>GLP-1 analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin preparation has a rapid-acting duration of action?

    <p>Lispro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin preparation has an intermediate-acting duration of action?

    <p>NPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insulin preparation has a very long-acting duration of action?

    <p>Degludec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the adverse effects of insulin?

    <p>Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity reactions, and weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred insulin for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperkalemia, and stress hyperglycemia?

    <p>Short-acting regular insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication inhibits mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and the action of glucagon?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication activates PPAR-γ, a nuclear receptor, increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels?

    <p>Pioglitazone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class closes K+ channels in pancreatic B cell membrane, leading to cell depolarization and insulin release via increased calcium influx?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class increases glucose-induced insulin secretion?

    <p>Meglitinides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class reduces glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, and increases glucose-dependent insulin release?

    <p>GLP-1 analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, which deactivates GLP-1, reducing glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying, and increasing glucose-dependent insulin release?

    <p>DPP-4 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect of metformin?

    <p>Gastrointestinal upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect of pioglitazone?

    <p>Weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect of sulfonylureas?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse effect of GLP-1 analogs?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class blocks glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, leading to glucosuria?

    <p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class delays carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorption, reducing postprandial hyperglycemia?

    <p>α-glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is not recommended in renal insufficiency?

    <p>α-glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class reduces glucagon release and delays gastric emptying?

    <p>Amylin analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is associated with adverse effects including urinary tract infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis, dehydration, and weight loss?

    <p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is associated with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and bloating?

    <p>α-glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is cautioned in renal insufficiency?

    <p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is associated with adverse effects including hypoglycemia, nausea, and increased satiety?

    <p>Amylin analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class is not recommended for use in renal insufficiency?

    <p>α-glucosidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication class can cause weight loss as an adverse effect?

    <p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Methimazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is associated with the risk of PTU-induced hepatotoxicity?

    <p>Propylthiouracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for the treatment of hypothyroidism?

    <p>Levothyroxine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an ADH antagonist used for SIADH?

    <p>Tolvaptan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an ADH analog used for central diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Desmopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome?

    <p>GH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to induce labor and control uterine hemorrhage?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, and gastrinoma?

    <p>Somatostatin (octreotide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for von Willebrand disease and sleep enuresis?

    <p>Desmopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used for esophageal varices?

    <p>Somatostatin (octreotide)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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