Diabetes Therapy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of diabetes requires insulin replacement as the primary therapy?

  • Gestational DM
  • All types of diabetes
  • Type 1 DM (correct)
  • Type 2 DM

What is the first-line oral agent for the treatment of Type 2 DM?

  • Metformin (correct)
  • α-Glucosidase inhibitors
  • Pioglitazone
  • SGLT2 inhibitors

Which medication class reduces glucose reabsorption by the kidneys?

  • Pioglitazone
  • Metformin
  • α-Glucosidase inhibitors
  • SGLT2 inhibitors (correct)

Which medication class inhibits glucose absorption in the intestine?

<p>α-Glucosidase inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class affects gastric emptying, glucagon release, and insulin secretion?

<p>GLP-1 analogs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin preparation has a rapid-acting duration of action?

<p>Lispro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin preparation has an intermediate-acting duration of action?

<p>NPH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insulin preparation has a very long-acting duration of action?

<p>Degludec (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of insulin?

<p>Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy, hypersensitivity reactions, and weight gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred insulin for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperkalemia, and stress hyperglycemia?

<p>Short-acting regular insulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication inhibits mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and the action of glucagon?

<p>Metformin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication activates PPAR-γ, a nuclear receptor, increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels?

<p>Pioglitazone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class closes K+ channels in pancreatic B cell membrane, leading to cell depolarization and insulin release via increased calcium influx?

<p>Sulfonylureas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class increases glucose-induced insulin secretion?

<p>Meglitinides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class reduces glucagon release, delays gastric emptying, and increases glucose-dependent insulin release?

<p>GLP-1 analogs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, which deactivates GLP-1, reducing glucagon release, delaying gastric emptying, and increasing glucose-dependent insulin release?

<p>DPP-4 inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of metformin?

<p>Gastrointestinal upset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of pioglitazone?

<p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of sulfonylureas?

<p>Hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of GLP-1 analogs?

<p>Pancreatitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class blocks glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule, leading to glucosuria?

<p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class delays carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorption, reducing postprandial hyperglycemia?

<p>α-glucosidase inhibitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is not recommended in renal insufficiency?

<p>α-glucosidase inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class reduces glucagon release and delays gastric emptying?

<p>Amylin analogs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is associated with adverse effects including urinary tract infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis, dehydration, and weight loss?

<p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is associated with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset and bloating?

<p>α-glucosidase inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is cautioned in renal insufficiency?

<p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is associated with adverse effects including hypoglycemia, nausea, and increased satiety?

<p>Amylin analogs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is not recommended for use in renal insufficiency?

<p>α-glucosidase inhibitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class can cause weight loss as an adverse effect?

<p>Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism?

<p>Methimazole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is associated with the risk of PTU-induced hepatotoxicity?

<p>Propylthiouracil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for the treatment of hypothyroidism?

<p>Levothyroxine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an ADH antagonist used for SIADH?

<p>Tolvaptan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an ADH analog used for central diabetes insipidus?

<p>Desmopressin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for growth hormone deficiency and Turner syndrome?

<p>GH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to induce labor and control uterine hemorrhage?

<p>Oxytocin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for acromegaly, carcinoid syndrome, and gastrinoma?

<p>Somatostatin (octreotide) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for von Willebrand disease and sleep enuresis?

<p>Desmopressin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for esophageal varices?

<p>Somatostatin (octreotide) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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