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Questions and Answers
The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM)about the disease. What information should the nurse include?
The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus(DM)about the disease. What information should the nurse include?
The nurse is evaluating the knowledge of a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for additional information?
The nurse is evaluating the knowledge of a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 DM. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for additional information?
The nurse is assisting with nutrition teaching for a patient who voices concern over adjusting to a diabetic diet. Which response by the nurse about medical nutrition therapy is correct?
The nurse is assisting with nutrition teaching for a patient who voices concern over adjusting to a diabetic diet. Which response by the nurse about medical nutrition therapy is correct?
The nurse is providing care for a marathon runner who is recently diagnosed with type 1 DM. What should the nurse discuss regarding exercise?
The nurse is providing care for a marathon runner who is recently diagnosed with type 1 DM. What should the nurse discuss regarding exercise?
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The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient who is on two injections of regular(Humulin R) insulin daily. How many hours after each injection should the nurse monitor for signs of hypoglycemia?
The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient who is on two injections of regular(Humulin R) insulin daily. How many hours after each injection should the nurse monitor for signs of hypoglycemia?
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The nurse is providing information to a patient recently diagnosed with type 2 DM. The health-care provider(HCP) prescribes an oral hypoglycemic medication for BG control. What teaching should the nurse provide?
The nurse is providing information to a patient recently diagnosed with type 2 DM. The health-care provider(HCP) prescribes an oral hypoglycemic medication for BG control. What teaching should the nurse provide?
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The nurse is providing care for a patient with type 2 DM who has been treated with an oral hypoglycemic agent. The HCP prescribes for the addition of insulin. What is the reason that insulin is now needed?
The nurse is providing care for a patient with type 2 DM who has been treated with an oral hypoglycemic agent. The HCP prescribes for the addition of insulin. What is the reason that insulin is now needed?
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A patient is admitted to the hospital with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The patient has a BG value of 987 mg/dL. Which is the priority focus while providing care?
A patient is admitted to the hospital with hyperosmolar hyperglycemia. The patient has a BG value of 987 mg/dL. Which is the priority focus while providing care?
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The nurse is collecting data on a patient in a HCP's office. Data includes the following: 65-year-old male, waist circumference 42 inches, blood pressure(BP) 140/88 mm Hg, and fasting glucose 120 mg/dL. Which identifies the nurse's concerns?
The nurse is collecting data on a patient in a HCP's office. Data includes the following: 65-year-old male, waist circumference 42 inches, blood pressure(BP) 140/88 mm Hg, and fasting glucose 120 mg/dL. Which identifies the nurse's concerns?
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The nurse is monitoring laboratory BG levels for a patient diagnosed with type 2 DM. Which test best evaluates glycemic control?
The nurse is monitoring laboratory BG levels for a patient diagnosed with type 2 DM. Which test best evaluates glycemic control?
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A female patient is prescribed glyburide for control of BG. What precaution does the nurse teach the patient about this medication?
A female patient is prescribed glyburide for control of BG. What precaution does the nurse teach the patient about this medication?
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A patient with type 1 DM has ongoing episodes of hypoglycemia, despite self-monitoring of BG. Which type of self-monitoring should the nurse recommend？
A patient with type 1 DM has ongoing episodes of hypoglycemia, despite self-monitoring of BG. Which type of self-monitoring should the nurse recommend？
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The nurse is providing care for a patient with diabetes who experiences frequent periods of hyperglycemia. Which patient statement could be contributing to this？
The nurse is providing care for a patient with diabetes who experiences frequent periods of hyperglycemia. Which patient statement could be contributing to this？
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A patient being treated with metformin for type 2 DM is receiving a routine follow-up assessment. In addition to HbA1c and a fasting plasma glucose test, which other laboratory test should the nurse expect to be monitored in this patient?
A patient being treated with metformin for type 2 DM is receiving a routine follow-up assessment. In addition to HbA1c and a fasting plasma glucose test, which other laboratory test should the nurse expect to be monitored in this patient?
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The nurse is making a home visit for an older adult patient who lives alone. The patient was recently diagnosed with type 2 DM and has impaired vision. What priority information should the nurse collect?
The nurse is making a home visit for an older adult patient who lives alone. The patient was recently diagnosed with type 2 DM and has impaired vision. What priority information should the nurse collect?
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The nurse is preparing to teach about the long-term complications for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Which finding is accurate?
The nurse is preparing to teach about the long-term complications for patients diagnosed with diabetes. Which finding is accurate?
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Study Notes
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disease that destroys beta cells in the pancreas
- The body is unable to produce insulin
- Requires lifelong insulin therapy
- Patients must monitor blood glucose levels and administer exogenous insulin
- Patients should be well-informed about symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia
- Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop below normal.
- Hyperglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels rise above normal.
- Patients should carry a fast-acting source of glucose such as glucose tablets or juice for treatment of hypoglycemia
Type 2 DM
- Type 2 DM is a chronic condition where the body does not use insulin properly.
- Insulin resistance can develop over a period of time.
- Lifestyle modifications are the cornerstone of management, including weight loss, regular physical activity, and a healthy diet.
- Oral hypoglycemic medications to manage blood sugar levels and insulin may be required.
- Patients can often manage condition with diet, exercise, and medication
General Diabetes Information
- The HbA1c is a blood test that provides a measurement of blood sugar levels over the previous 3 months, allowing for an evaluation of long-term diabetes management.
- Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a serious complication that can occur in people with diabetes.
- HHS is characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration, and altered mental status.
- The priority focus in managing HHS is to rehydrate the patient and lower blood sugar levels.
Complications of Diabetes
- Long-term complications of diabetes include:
- Diabetic retinopathy (eye damage)
- Diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage)
- Diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage)
- Diabetic foot ulcers
- Cardiovascular disease (heart disease)
- Stroke
Nursing Interventions for Diabetes
- Patient Education is essential for successful diabetes management.
- Patients need to understand how to monitor their blood sugar levels, administer insulin (if required), meal plan, and take medication as prescribed.
- Monitor blood glucose levels to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.
- Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in patients with DM
Exercise for Patients with DM
- Exercise is important for all patients with diabetes, but especially for those with type 1 DM who are on insulin.
- Exercise can help lower blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity.
- It is important to monitor blood sugar levels before, during, and after exercise.
- Patients should carry a fast-acting source of glucose during exercise in case their blood sugar levels drop.
- Patients should discuss an exercise plan with their healthcare provider
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents
- Sulfonylureas such as glyburide are oral medications that can cause hypoglycemia when taken with alcohol.
- Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 DM and is excreted by the kidneys.
- Metformin can increase the risk of lactic acidosis in patients with renal insufficiency.
- Patients should be advised to discontinue Metformin 48 hours prior to any procedure requiring the use of contrast dye.
Insulin Therapy
- Insulin can be given by injection or by an insulin pump.
- Patients should be taught how to administer insulin correctly.
- Regular insulin (Humulin R) is a short-acting insulin that typically peaks in 2-4 hours.
- Patients should monitor their blood sugar levels 2-4 hours after each injection of regular insulin to detect hypoglycemia.
Nutrition Therapy
- Patients with diabetes should follow a nutrition plan that is individually tailored to their specific needs.
- The plan should include a variety of nutrient-rich foods and help patients maintain a healthy weight.
- Patients should learn to count carbohydrates and manage their blood sugar levels through food choices and portion control.
- Patients should be aware of the glycemic index (GI) of foods and choose lower GI foods to prevent blood sugar spikes.
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Description
This quiz covers essential information for patients recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. It includes dietary guidelines, insulin management, and symptoms to monitor. Test your understanding of diabetes education to support patient care and self-management.
