Diabetes Mellitus Quiz

Diabetes Overview

• Type 2 Diabetes accounts for 95% of all diagnosed cases.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1)

• The main reason for the development of DM1 is the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

Blood Sugar Management

• The recommended blood sugar range to avoid hyperglycemia is 80-130 mg/dL.

Hypoglycemia in Diabetic Patients

• Causes of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients include insulin or oral hypoglycemic medications, skipping meals, and excessive exercise.
• Treatment for hypoglycemia in diabetic patients involves consuming 15-20 grams of glucose or a quick-acting carbohydrate, and repeating the treatment in 15-minute intervals until the blood sugar level returns to normal.

Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) Management

• The primary method of managing DM2 is through lifestyle changes, including diet, exercise, and weight loss.
• The initial treatment for managing DM2 is lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, increased physical activity, and weight loss.

Diabetes Symptomology

• Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Polyphagia in diabetic patients are caused by high blood sugar levels, leading to increased urination, thirst, and hunger.
• Blurred vision in hyperglycemia is caused by the altered lens shape and swelling of the lens in the eye due to high glucose levels.

Insulin and Glucose

• When there is an inadequate amount of insulin available for the glucose present, the body's cells are unable to take up glucose, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Hyperglycemia

• Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is caused by insulin resistance, where the body's cells become resistant to insulin, and the body's inability to produce enough insulin to meet the glucose demands.