Diabetes Mellitus Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing Diabetes Mellitus?

  • Hispanic ethnicity
  • Age < 30 (correct)
  • Family History
  • Obesity

    • How does insulin primarily affect glucose levels in the body?

  • Reduces the secretion of adrenaline
  • Increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream
  • Facilitates glucose transport into the cells (correct)
  • Inhibits the production of glucagon

    • What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes?

  • Development of glucose intolerance during adulthood
  • Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas (correct)
  • Insulin resistance primarily in skeletal muscles
  • Increased insulin production by the pancreas

    • Which hormone acts as a counterregulatory hormone to insulin?

    <p>Growth Hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about glucose metabolism is accurate?

    <p>Glucose transport is facilitated by insulin into the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main etiological factors implicated in the development of Diabetes Mellitus?

    <p>Environmental and autoimmune factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which life stage is Type 1 Diabetes typically diagnosed?

    <p>Within the first few years of life or school age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the function of insulin regarding protein synthesis?

    <p>Insulin enhances protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when insulin is absent in the body?

    <p>Glucose is unable to enter cells effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnostic test used to determine diabetes that provides an average of glucose levels over the past three months?

    <p>Hemoglobin A1C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding gestational diabetes?

    <p>Women of advanced maternal age have a higher risk of developing it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to the symptoms of fatigue and weakness in diabetes?

    <p>Inability to get energy from glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fasting plasma glucose level over 126 indicate?

    <p>Diabetes mellitus is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fasting plasma glucose level indicates a potential diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>126 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended temperature for storing unopened insulin vials and pens?

    <p>In the refrigerator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically monitored for diabetes?

    <p>Elevated blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Pre-diabetes?

    <p>Elevated glucose but not high enough for diabetes diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which A1C level qualifies as a diagnostic marker for Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>6.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the A1C level when glucose is elevated in the blood?

    <p>It increases as glucose sticks to red blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that fat cells undergo ketosis due to increased blood sugar without sugar being present in the cells?

    <p>Presence of ketones in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), which value indicates diabetes?

    <p>200 mg/dL after 2 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within what duration can insulin vials and pens in use be kept at room temperature?

    <p>4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common gastrointestinal symptom that may occur due to elevated glucose in diabetes?

    <p>Nausea/Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general recommendation for A1C levels in patients diagnosed with diabetes?

    <p>Less than 6.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) measurement?

    <p>To convert HbA1c into easily understandable terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the risk of developing gestational diabetes?

    <p>Normal weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the gradual onset of Type 2 Diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance and inadequate production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential treatment for individuals diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes?

    <p>Exogenous insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these values can indicate impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)?

    <p>OGTT values of 140 to 199 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy can be employed to address the Somogyi effect?

    <p>Introduce a bedtime snack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the dawn phenomenon?

    <p>Hyperglycemia on awakening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary action of Metformin?

    <p>Reduce glucose production by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a-Glucosidase inhibitors like Glyset and Precose be taken for optimal effectiveness?

    <p>With the first bite of each main meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when encountering morning hyperglycemia in patients?

    <p>Risk of increasing insulin dosage unnecessarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario might an increase in insulin be appropriate?

    <p>To treat the dawn phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classes of drugs helps in delaying glucose absorption?

    <p>a-Glucosidase Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason Metformin may be prescribed for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes?

    <p>It causes significant weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which blood glucose measurement indicates a need for further investigation at 2:00 to 4:00 AM?

    <p>Hypoglycemic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustment is recommended for managing the dawn phenomenon?

    <p>Adjust the timing of insulin administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for sulfonylureas in diabetes management?

    <p>They stimulate pancreatic cells to secrete more insulin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of meglitinides?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does MyPlate represent in the context of diabetes nutrition therapy?

    <p>A visual representation of USDA's nutrition guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>A deficiency of insulin leading to hyperglycemia, ketosis, and dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dehydration in patients experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?

    <p>Excess glucose in the extracellular fluid leading to osmotic diuresis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In nutritional management for diabetes, which food groups are generally considered to raise blood sugar levels?

    <p>Starch, bread, fruit, and milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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