Diabetes Mellitus Overview Quiz

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Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing Diabetes Mellitus?

Hispanic ethnicity

Age < 30 (correct)

Family History

Obesity

How does insulin primarily affect glucose levels in the body?

Reduces the secretion of adrenaline

Increases the amount of glucose in the bloodstream

Facilitates glucose transport into the cells (correct)

Inhibits the production of glucagon

What characterizes Type 1 Diabetes?

Development of glucose intolerance during adulthood

Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas (correct)

Insulin resistance primarily in skeletal muscles

Increased insulin production by the pancreas

Which hormone acts as a counterregulatory hormone to insulin?

Growth Hormone Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about glucose metabolism is accurate?

Glucose transport is facilitated by insulin into the cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main etiological factors implicated in the development of Diabetes Mellitus?

Environmental and autoimmune factors Signup and view all the answers

During which life stage is Type 1 Diabetes typically diagnosed?

Within the first few years of life or school age Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the function of insulin regarding protein synthesis?

Insulin enhances protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when insulin is absent in the body?

Glucose is unable to enter cells effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is a common diagnostic test used to determine diabetes that provides an average of glucose levels over the past three months?

Hemoglobin A1C Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding gestational diabetes?

Women of advanced maternal age have a higher risk of developing it. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor contributing to the symptoms of fatigue and weakness in diabetes?

Inability to get energy from glucose Signup and view all the answers

What does a fasting plasma glucose level over 126 indicate?

Diabetes mellitus is present Signup and view all the answers

What fasting plasma glucose level indicates a potential diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes?

126 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended temperature for storing unopened insulin vials and pens?

In the refrigerator Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically monitored for diabetes?

Elevated blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Pre-diabetes?

Elevated glucose but not high enough for diabetes diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

Which A1C level qualifies as a diagnostic marker for Type 2 Diabetes?

6.5% Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the A1C level when glucose is elevated in the blood?

It increases as glucose sticks to red blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates that fat cells undergo ketosis due to increased blood sugar without sugar being present in the cells?

Presence of ketones in urine Signup and view all the answers

During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), which value indicates diabetes?

200 mg/dL after 2 hours Signup and view all the answers

Within what duration can insulin vials and pens in use be kept at room temperature?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is a common gastrointestinal symptom that may occur due to elevated glucose in diabetes?

Nausea/Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the general recommendation for A1C levels in patients diagnosed with diabetes?

Less than 6.5% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Estimated Average Glucose (eAG) measurement?

To convert HbA1c into easily understandable terms Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the risk of developing gestational diabetes?

Normal weight Signup and view all the answers

What factor contributes to the gradual onset of Type 2 Diabetes?

Insulin resistance and inadequate production Signup and view all the answers

What is the essential treatment for individuals diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes?

Exogenous insulin therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of these values can indicate impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)?

OGTT values of 140 to 199 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Which management strategy can be employed to address the Somogyi effect?

Introduce a bedtime snack Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the dawn phenomenon?

Hyperglycemia on awakening Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary action of Metformin?

Reduce glucose production by the liver Signup and view all the answers

How should a-Glucosidase inhibitors like Glyset and Precose be taken for optimal effectiveness?

With the first bite of each main meal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when encountering morning hyperglycemia in patients?

Risk of increasing insulin dosage unnecessarily Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might an increase in insulin be appropriate?

To treat the dawn phenomenon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following classes of drugs helps in delaying glucose absorption?

a-Glucosidase Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason Metformin may be prescribed for overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes?

It causes significant weight loss Signup and view all the answers

Which blood glucose measurement indicates a need for further investigation at 2:00 to 4:00 AM?

Hypoglycemic levels Signup and view all the answers

What adjustment is recommended for managing the dawn phenomenon?

Adjust the timing of insulin administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for sulfonylureas in diabetes management?

They stimulate pancreatic cells to secrete more insulin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of meglitinides?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What does MyPlate represent in the context of diabetes nutrition therapy?

A visual representation of USDA's nutrition guidelines. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

A deficiency of insulin leading to hyperglycemia, ketosis, and dehydration. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of dehydration in patients experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?

Excess glucose in the extracellular fluid leading to osmotic diuresis. Signup and view all the answers

In nutritional management for diabetes, which food groups are generally considered to raise blood sugar levels?

Starch, bread, fruit, and milk. Signup and view all the answers