Diabetes Mellitus Overview

<p>Excreted by kidneys as active compounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide adequate blood glucose control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ketoacidosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reduce blood glucose levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consume fast-acting carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart attack (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In patients with renal disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps lower blood glucose levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It appears during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood glucose levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcutaneous injection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depth of injection and blood flow to the site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevent glucose production in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin Secretagogues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metformin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulate insulin secretion in response to meals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obesity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral formulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chronic disease where the body either cannot produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces, leading to high blood glucose levels.

The process of maintaining blood glucose levels within a healthy range before and after meals.

A type of diabetes where the pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells.

A type of diabetes where the body doesn't use insulin effectively (insulin resistance) or doesn't produce enough insulin.

A hormone produced by the pancreas which helps transport glucose from the bloodstream to the cells.

High blood sugar levels.

A serious complication of diabetes resulting from a lack of insulin.

A serious diabetic complication characterized by extremely high blood sugar and severe dehydration.

A complication of diabetes that damages the kidneys.

Damage to the retina of the eye due to diabetes.

Damage to the nerves, a complication of diabetes.

Increased risk of heart attack or stroke due to diabetes.

Maintaining blood glucose levels within a target range.

Using insulin to manage diabetes, especially when necessary.

Low blood sugar levels.

Short-acting insulin secretagogues similar to sulfonylureas.

Medications that stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas.

An example of a sulfonylurea.

A characteristic of meglitinides; their effects quickly disappear.

Insulin can be administered subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly, or via alternative methods like insulin pumps, transdermal patches, or oral formulations (resistant to digestion in the GI tract).

Standard method using needles and syringes, or portable pen injectors. Absorption varies among patients.

Blood flow to the injection site, site of injection (abdomen, arm, buttock, thigh), injection depth, and exercise/massage affect absorption rates.

To mimic the body's natural overnight fasting, between-meal, and mealtime insulin secretion.

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) is a dangerous complication. Other potential complications include unusual physical exertion, high doses, insulin allergy, or resistance.

Symptoms can include tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, tremors, shaking, nausea, and hunger.

A class of diabetes medication that prevents glucose production in the liver.

The only clinically approved biguanide.

Decreases liver gluconeogenesis and increases muscle uptake of glucose, lowering blood glucose levels.

Often the initial treatment for type 2 diabetes; may be combined with other medications or insulin.

Does not cause the risk of hypoglycemia.

Gastrointestinal issues (e.g., diarrhea, nausea), anorexia, metallic taste, and lactic acidosis are possible.

Type of Insulin Secretagogues that acts on beta cells.