Questions and Answers
What characterizes diabetes mellitus?
Which substance is the primary trigger for insulin synthesis from beta cells?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing diabetes mellitus?
How is the level of insulin assessed in patients?
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What occurs during an abnormal OGTT test?
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Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus Overview
- Chronic disorder affecting carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
- Characterized by insulin deficiency, leading to hyperglycemia.
- Insulin deficiency can be relative or absolute.
Insulin Synthesis
- Primary stimulus for insulin synthesis from pancreatic beta cells is glucose.
- Additional agents also play a role in stimulating insulin release.
- C-peptide levels are used to assess insulin levels in the body.
Diagnosis Criteria
- Random Glucose Test: A reading of ≥ 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) combined with clinical symptoms indicates diabetes.
- Fasting Glucose Test: A fasting glucose level of ≥ 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) must be confirmed on multiple occasions for diagnosis.
- Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): A 2-hour glucose level exceeding 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) after a standard 75g glucose load is indicative of diabetes.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of Diabetes Mellitus, a chronic disorder characterized by abnormal metabolism leading to hyperglycemia. This quiz covers essential topics such as insulin synthesis, glucose levels, and diagnosis criteria. Test your understanding of this important health condition.
