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Questions and Answers
Which type of diabetes is characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by an abrupt onset of symptoms?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered an environmental factor contributing to the development of diabetes?
Which of the following factors is NOT considered an environmental factor contributing to the development of diabetes?
Which type of diabetes is most commonly associated with insulin resistance?
Which type of diabetes is most commonly associated with insulin resistance?
What is the primary defect in Type 1 DM?
What is the primary defect in Type 1 DM?
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Which of the following is a common symptom of type 1 DM?
Which of the following is a common symptom of type 1 DM?
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What is the most prevalent type of diabetes?
What is the most prevalent type of diabetes?
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Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes?
Which of the following is NOT a long-term complication of diabetes?
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Which type of diabetes is characterized by the presence of islet cell antibodies?
Which type of diabetes is characterized by the presence of islet cell antibodies?
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Flashcards
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
A chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar due to insulin issues.
Types of Diabetes
Types of Diabetes
Four classes: Type 1, Type 2, MODY, Gestational diabetes.
Type 1 DM
Type 1 DM
Diabetes type where insulin production is absent or minimal, common in young people.
Type 2 DM
Type 2 DM
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Key Symptoms of Type 1 DM
Key Symptoms of Type 1 DM
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Key Symptoms of Type 2 DM
Key Symptoms of Type 2 DM
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Insulin Therapy
Insulin Therapy
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Long-term Complications of DM
Long-term Complications of DM
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Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
- Chronic multisystem disease characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
- Caused by abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin use, or both
- Leads to significant long-term health complications
Diabetes Complications
- Adult blindness
- End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
- Nontraumatic lower-limb amputations
- Heart disease
- Stroke
Diabetes Causes
- Genetic factors
- Autoimmune factors
- Environmental factors (e.g., viruses, obesity)
- Primarily a disorder of glucose metabolism due to insufficient or absent insulin or ineffective insulin use
Types of Diabetes
- Type 1 DM
- Type 2 DM
- Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
- Gestational diabetes
Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes Comparison
| Factor | Type 1 DM | Type 2 DM |
|---|---|---|
| Age at Onset | More common in young people, but can occur at any age | More common in adults, but can occur at any age. Increasing incidence in children |
| Onset | Signs and symptoms usually abrupt, although disease process may exist for years | Gradual, may go undiagnosed for years |
| Prevalence | 5%–10% of all DM cases | 90%–95% of all DM cases |
| Endogenous Insulin | Absent | Initially increased, then decreases over time |
| Environmental Factors | Viruses, toxins | Higher weight, lack of exercise |
| Islet Cell Antibodies | Often present at onset | Absent |
| Primary Defect | Absent or minimal insulin production | Insulin resistance, decreased insulin production, changes in adipokine production |
| Symptoms | Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, fatigue, weight loss | Often none, fatigue, recurrent infections, may have polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision |
| Ketosis | Present at onset or during insulin deficiency | Usually not present, but can occur during infection or stress |
| Insulin Therapy | Required for all | Required for some, progressive disease. Insulin may be added to treatment plan |
| Body Type | Thin, normal, or obese | Often overweight or obese with visceral adiposity ("apple shape"). May be normal |
| Nutrition Therapy | Essential | Essential |
| Vascular & Neurological Complications | Frequent | Frequent |
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of Diabetes Mellitus, including its types, causes, and complications. Explore the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and understand the long-term health effects associated with this chronic disease.
