Diabetes Mellitus: Definition, Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment

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What is the primary characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

Improved insulin secretion with age

Hypoglycemia due to insulin resistance

Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease

Hyperglycemia due to impairment of insulin secretion or defective insulin action (correct)

What is the percentage of diabetes cases attributed to Type 1 diabetes?

50-60%

80-90%

20-30%

5-10% (correct)

Which of the following is a specific type of diabetes?

Cardiovascular disease

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (correct)

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Hashimoto thyroiditis

What is the primary mechanism of Type 1 diabetes?

Cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic b-cells Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of diabetes mellitus?

Microvascular complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, and nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Gestational diabetes mellitus?

Hormonal changes during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of insulin secretion in type 1 diabetes?

Low or undetectable levels of plasma C-peptide Signup and view all the answers

What is the age range of patients most commonly affected by type 2 diabetes?

Adults > 40 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic test for autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes?

Glutamic acid decarboxylase test Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of type 1 diabetes that occurs in the absence of insulin?

Diabetic ketoacidosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of impaired fasting glucose (IFG)?

Glucose value of 100 to 125 mg/Dl Signup and view all the answers

What is the constellation of metabolic syndrome?

Abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the elevated waist circumference measurement in males for diagnosing metabolic syndrome?

≥102 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternate indicator for elevated blood pressure in diagnosing metabolic syndrome?

Antihypertensive drug treatment in a person with a history of hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the FPG threshold for diagnosing diabetes?

≥126 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended strategy for preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes in patients with IGT or IFG?

Lifestyle behavior counseling, including weight loss and increased physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the diagnostic criterion for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 24-28 weeks of gestation?

FPG ≥92 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

In which patients is metformin therapy recommended for preventing or delaying type 2 diabetes?

Patients with IGT or IFG and BMI >35 kg/m2 Signup and view all the answers