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Diabetes Mellitus and Sepsis Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is an anaphylactic reaction?

Anaphylactic reaction is when a bug bite extends to respiratory, cardiovascular, or gastrointestinal symptoms.

Describe anaphylactic shock.

Anaphylactic shock is caused by vasodilation from inflammatory mediators, leading to venous pooling, hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction, and acute respiratory difficulty.

What is the main reason for hypovolaemic shock?

The main reason for hypovolaemic shock is a significant reduction in blood volume.

Explain cardiogenic shock.

Cardiogenic shock occurs in acute heart disease when damaged heart muscle cannot maintain adequate cardiac output. Signup and view all the answers

What is septic shock?

Septic shock is an overreaction of the immune system, leading to multi-organ failure and a high mortality rate. Signup and view all the answers

What causes neurogenic shock?

Neurogenic shock is commonly caused by spinal cord damage impairing autonomic nerve outflow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes mellitus?

An autoimmune disorder causing a failure to produce insulin due to destruction of beta cells in the pancreas. Signup and view all the answers

How does Type 2 diabetes mellitus affect the body's sugar usage?

T2DM stops the body from using insulin properly, leading to high levels of blood sugar if not treated. Signup and view all the answers

Define sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Signup and view all the answers

What are the common sites of infection that may lead to sepsis?

Skin, genitourinary tract, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes anaphylaxis from allergic reactions?

Anaphylaxis affects two or more major body systems, unlike allergic reactions which are limited to a single system. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main effects of anaphylaxis on the body?

Systemic increase in capillary permeability, smooth-muscle contraction, and peripheral vasodilation. Signup and view all the answers